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Udział mikroflory jelitowej w rozwoju cukrzycy
Streszczenie
Ludzka mikroflora jelitowa składa się z licznych mikroorganizmów, które wchodząc w interakcję między sobą przyczyniają się do zachowania homeostazy w organizmie człowieka. W ciągu ostatnich lat można zaobserwować wzrost badań na temat mikroflory jelitowej, w tym potencjalnych powiązań z rozwojem zaburzeń metabolizmu węglowodanów. Według aktualnych danych mikrobiom jelitowy odgrywa istotną rolę w chorobach autoimmunologicznych, takich jak cukrzyca typu 1 oraz metabolicznych, w tym cukrzycy typu 2. Analiza badań przeprowadzonych na zwierzętach oraz ludziach wykazała, że pacjenci chorujący na cukrzycę charakteryzują się zmniejszoną różnorodnością flory jelitowej, zaburzonym stosunkiem niektórych gatunków bakterii oraz mniejszą ilością bakterii produkujących maślan. Do potencjalnych mechanizmów tłumaczących wpływ mikroflory jelitowej na rozwój cukrzycy, zalicza się interakcję z wrodzonym układem odpornościowym, zwiększoną przepuszczalność jelit, infiltrację endotoksyn, a także udział krótkołańcuchowych kwasów tłuszczowych i kwasu żółciowego. Co więcej, najnowsze doniesienia sugerują, że elementy probiotykoterapii lub przeszczep mikroflory kałowej od zdrowego dawcy, mogą stanowić obiecującą formę terapii dla pacjentów chorujących na cukrzycę. Należy jednak prowadzić dalsze badania w celu zmniejszenia częstości występowania zaburzeń gospodarki węglowodanowej oraz poprawy jakości życia pacjentów.
Słowa kluczowe: mikroflora jelitowacukrzyca typu 1cukrzyca typu 2przeszczep mikroflory kałowej
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