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Published online: 2024-12-09

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Integrated Palliative Care Outcomes Scale (IPOS): a review of the literature and studies on its use in patients with different conditions

Monika Grochowicka1, Malgorzata Reysner1, Wojciech Leppert23, Grzegorz Kowalski1, Sylwia Kropińska4, Tomasz Reysner1, Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis1
DOI: 10.5603/pmp.100293

Abstract

Introduction: In medical care, it is crucial to identify the patient’s physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs and cultural factors that significantly impact treatment success. Palliative care provides a holistic approach to patients, requiring a simple and reliable tool for comprehensively assessing patient needs and the quality of care. The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) was developed by combining the Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS) with the Palliative Care Outcome Scale Symptom List (POS-S).

Methods: A literature search was conducted in English through November 2023 using four electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase. The search terms included IPOS, IPOS-POS, IPOS-DEM, IPOS-S, IPOS-COVID, Palliative Care Outcome Scale, Palliative Care Outcome Scale Symptom List, Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale, palliative medicine, and quality of life.

Results: IPOS was first validated in English in 2019 and subsequently translated and validated in 17 countries, including Poland, in 2021. The scale includes questions about common symptoms and psychological, social, and living conditions. IPOS can be applied in various care settings, including hospitals, inpatient hospices, home-based palliative care, and outpatient clinics.

Conclusions: Due to its simplicity and potential to assess frequent symptoms and nonmedical issues in patients with different conditions, IPOS is a valuable tool for healthcare facilities caring for chronically ill patients who require palliative and long-term care. To date, IPOS has been used in patients with cancer, dementia, chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis, neurological diseases, advanced heart failure, and severe COVID-19.

Keywords: medical carepalliative medicinetypes of scalesPOSIPOS

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