Wyszuk. zaawans.

Tom 10, Nr 5 (2024)
Wytyczne / stanowisko ekspertów
Opublikowany online: 2024-05-06
Dodaj do koszyka: 95,00 PLN
Wyświetlenia strony 593
Wyświetlenia/pobrania artykułu 93
Pobierz cytowanie

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Stanowisko ekspertów dotyczące diagnostyki i leczenia olaparybem nowotworów BRCA-zależnych

Artur Kowalik12, Anita Chudecka-Głaz3, Joanna Kufel-Grabowska4, Iwona Skoneczna5, Tomasz Kubiatowski56
Onkol Prakt Klin Edu 2024;10(5):322-339.

Streszczenie

Produkty białkowe genów BRCA1 i BRCA2 odgrywają kluczową rolę w procesach naprawy DNA, realizowanych na drodze rekombinacji homologicznej. Utrzymanie prawidłowej struktury dwuniciowego DNA jest kluczowe dla stabilności genomu i zapobiegania procesom transformacji nowotworowej, w tym niekontrolowanej proliferacji komórek nowotworowych. Ponadto białko BRCA1 odgrywa ważną rolę w regulacji cyklu komórkowego i ekspresji genów, w tym tych odpowiedzialnych za poszczególne fazy cyklu komórkowego, oraz remodelowaniu chromatyny. Białko BRCA2 uczestniczy natomiast w modulowaniu odpowiedzi immunologicznej, włączając tę indukowaną obecnością antygenów nowotworowych. Mutacje germinalne lub somatyczne w genach BRCA1 i BRCA2 występują w wielu nowotworach, między innymi u chorych ze zdiagnozowanym rakiem piersi, jajnika, prostaty czy trzustki. Ich wykrycie jest ważnym czynnikiem prognostycznym odpowiedzi na chemioterapię opartą na pochodnych platyny lub inhibitorach polimerazy poli-ADP rybozy (PARP). W niniejszym artykule omówiono najważniejsze aspekty diagnostyki molekularnej oraz wskazania do stosowania olaparybu w leczeniu chorych na raka piersi, jajnika, prostaty czy trzustki. 

Słowa kluczowe: BRCA1BRCA2HRDolaparybinhibitory PARPrak jajnikarak piersirak gruczołu krokowegorak trzustki

Artykuł dostępny w formacie PDF

Dodaj do koszyka: 95,00 PLN

Posiadasz dostęp do tego artykułu?

Referencje

  1. Hennessy BTJ, Timms KM, Carey MS, et al. Somatic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 could expand the number of patients that benefit from poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors in ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28(22): 3570–3576.
    CrossRefPubMed
  2. Capoluongo E, Ellison G, López-Guerrero JA, et al. Guidance Statement On BRCA1/2 Tumor Testing in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Semin Oncol. 2017; 44(3): 187–197.
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. Grafodatskaya D, O'Rielly DD, Bedard K, et al. Practice guidelines for tumour testing in ovarian cancer. J Med Genet. 2022; 59(8): 727–736.
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. van Dijk EL, Jaszczyszyn Y, Thermes C. Library preparation methods for next-generation sequencing: tone down the bias. Exp Cell Res. 2014; 322(1): 12–20.
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. Corcoran RB, Chabner BA. Application of Cell-free DNA Analysis to Cancer Treatment. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(18): 1754–1765.
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. Pantel K, Alix-Panabières C. Liquid biopsy and minimal residual disease - latest advances and implications for cure. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019; 16(7): 409–424.
    CrossRefPubMed
  7. Kowalik A, Kowalewska M, Góźdź S. Current approaches for avoiding the limitations of circulating tumor cells detection methods-implications for diagnosis and treatment of patients with solid tumors. Transl Res. 2017; 185: 58–84.e15.
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. Chandrasekaran D, Sobocan M, Blyuss O, et al. Implementation of Multigene Germline and Parallel Somatic Genetic Testing in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: SIGNPOST Study. Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13(17).
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. Kowalik A, Zalewski K, Kopczyński J, et al. Somatic mutations in BRCA1&2 in 201 unselected ovarian carcinoma samples - single institution study. Pol J Pathol. 2019; 70(2): 115–126.
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. Pennington KP, Walsh T, Harrell MI, et al. Germline and somatic mutations in homologous recombination genes predict platinum response and survival in ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2014; 20(3): 764–775.
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. Alsop K, Fereday S, Meldrum C, et al. BRCA mutation frequency and patterns of treatment response in BRCA mutation-positive women with ovarian cancer: a report from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30(21): 2654–2663.
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. Mavaddat N, Barrowdale D, Andrulis I, et al. Pathology of Breast and Ovarian Cancers among BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012; 21(1): 134–147.
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. Wen H, Feng Z, Ma Y, et al. Homologous recombination deficiency in diverse cancer types and its correlation with platinum chemotherapy efficiency in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer. 2022; 22(1): 550.
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. Miller RE, Leary A, Scott CL, et al. ESMO recommendations on predictive biomarker testing for homologous recombination deficiency and PARP inhibitor benefit in ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol. 2020; 31(12): 1606–1622.
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. Davies H, Glodzik D, Morganella S, et al. HRDetect is a predictor of BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficiency based on mutational signatures. Nat Med. 2017; 23(4): 517–525.
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. Winter C, Nilsson MP, Olsson E, et al. Targeted sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 across a large unselected breast cancer cohort suggests that one-third of mutations are somatic. Ann Oncol. 2016; 27(8): 1532–1538.
    CrossRefPubMed
  17. Kowalik A, Siołek M, Kopczyński J, et al. BRCA1 founder mutations and beyond in the Polish population: A single-institution BRCA1/2 next-generation sequencing study. PLoS One. 2018; 13(7): e0201086.
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. Wojcik P, Jasiowka M, Strycharz E, et al. Recurrent mutations of BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 in the population of breast and ovarian cancer patients in Southern Poland. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2016; 14: 5.
    CrossRefPubMed
  19. Gonzalez D, Mateo J, Stenzinger A, et al. Practical considerations for optimising homologous recombination repair mutation testing in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. J Pathol Clin Res. 2021; 7(4): 311–325.
    CrossRefPubMed
  20. Chi KN, Barnicle A, Sibilla C, et al. Detection of BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM Alterations in Matched Tumor Tissue and Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Prostate Cancer Screened in PROfound. Clin Cancer Res. 2023; 29(1): 81–91.
    CrossRefPubMed
  21. Matsubara N, de Bono J, Olmos D, et al. Olaparib Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer and BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM Alterations Identified by Testing Circulating Tumor DNA. Clin Cancer Res. 2023; 29(1): 92–99.
    CrossRefPubMed
  22. Hiemenz MC, Graf RP, Schiavone K, et al. Real-World Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Success Rates in Tissue and Liquid Prostate Carcinoma Specimens. Oncologist. 2022; 27(12): e970–e972.
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. Wong W, Raufi AG, Safyan RA, et al. BRCA Mutations in Pancreas Cancer: Spectrum, Current Management, Challenges and Future Prospects. Cancer Manag Res. 2020; 12: 2731–2742.
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. Vietri MT, D'Elia G, Caliendo G, et al. Pancreatic Cancer with Mutation in BRCA1/2, MLH1, and APC Genes: Phenotype Correlation and Detection of a Novel Germline BRCA2 Mutation. Genes (Basel). 2022; 13(2).
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019; 69(1): 7–34.
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. Lisio MA, Fu L, Goyeneche A, et al. High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Standpoints. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(4).
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. Control U. Epithelial ovarian cancer. Rev Cancer Med WHO Lists Essent Med. 2014; 42(2010): 1–9.
  28. Pennington KP, Swisher EM. Hereditary ovarian cancer: beyond the usual suspects. Gynecol Oncol. 2012; 124(2): 347–353.
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. King MC, Marks JH, Mandell JB, et al. New York Breast Cancer Study Group. Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science. 2003; 302(5645): 643–646.
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. Chen S, Parmigiani G. Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25(11): 1329–1333.
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. Whittemore AS, Gong G, Itnyre J. Prevalence and contribution of BRCA1 mutations in breast cancer and ovarian cancer: results from three U.S. population-based case-control studies of ovarian cancer. Am J Hum Genet. 1997; 60(3): 496–504.
    PubMed
  32. Risch HA, McLaughlin JR, Cole DE, et al. Prevalence and penetrance of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a population series of 649 women with ovarian cancer. Am J Hum Genet. 2001; 68(3): 700–710.
    CrossRefPubMed
  33. Pal T, Permuth-Wey J, Betts JA, et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations account for a large proportion of ovarian carcinoma cases. Cancer. 2005; 104(12): 2807–2816.
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. Nature. 2011; 474(7353): 609–615.
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. Bowtell DDL. The genesis and evolution of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2010; 10(11): 803–808.
    CrossRefPubMed
  36. Abkevich V, Timms KM, Hennessy BT, et al. Patterns of genomic loss of heterozygosity predict homologous recombination repair defects in epithelial ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012; 107(10): 1776–1782.
    CrossRefPubMed
  37. Gilks CB, Prat J. Ovarian carcinoma pathology and genetics: recent advances. Hum Pathol. 2009; 40(9): 1213–1223.
    CrossRefPubMed
  38. Piek JMJ, Torrenga B, Hermsen B, et al. Histopathological characteristics of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated intraperitoneal cancer: a clinic-based study. Fam Cancer. 2003; 2(2): 73–78.
    CrossRefPubMed
  39. Geisler JP, Hatterman-Zogg MA, Rathe JA, et al. Frequency of BRCA1 dysfunction in ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94(1): 61–67.
    CrossRefPubMed
  40. Hilton JL, Geisler JP, Rathe JA, et al. Inactivation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94(18): 1396–1406.
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. Lim SL, Smith P, Syed N, et al. Promoter hypermethylation of FANCF and outcome in advanced ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer. 2008; 98(8): 1452–1456.
    CrossRefPubMed
  42. Wang Z, Li M, Lu S, et al. Promoter hypermethylation of FANCF plays an important role in the occurrence of ovarian cancer through disrupting Fanconi anemia-BRCA pathway. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006; 5(3): 256–260.
    CrossRefPubMed
  43. D'Andrea AD. The Fanconi Anemia/BRCA signaling pathway: disruption in cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancers. Cell Cycle. 2003; 2(4): 290–292.
    PubMed
  44. Soegaard M, Kjaer SK, Cox M, et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation prevalence and clinical characteristics of a population-based series of ovarian cancer cases from Denmark. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14(12): 3761–3767.
    CrossRefPubMed
  45. Shaw PA, McLaughlin JR, Zweemer RP, et al. Histopathologic features of genetically determined ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2002; 21(4): 407–411.
    CrossRefPubMed
  46. Vencken PM, Kriege M, Hoogwerf D, et al. Chemosensitivity and outcome of BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated ovarian cancer patients after first-line chemotherapy compared with sporadic ovarian cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2011; 22(6): 1346–1352.
    CrossRefPubMed
  47. Gallagher DJ, Konner JA, Bell-McGuinn KM, et al. Survival in epithelial ovarian cancer: a multivariate analysis incorporating BRCA mutation status and platinum sensitivity. Ann Oncol. 2011; 22(5): 1127–1132.
    CrossRefPubMed
  48. Gourley C, Michie CO, Roxburgh P, et al. Increased incidence of visceral metastases in scottish patients with BRCA1/2-defective ovarian cancer: an extension of the ovarian BRCAness phenotype. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28(15): 2505–2511.
    CrossRefPubMed
  49. Hyman DM, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, et al. Improved survival for BRCA2-associated serous ovarian cancer compared with both BRCA-negative and BRCA1-associated serous ovarian cancer. Cancer. 2012; 118(15): 3703–3709.
    CrossRefPubMed
  50. Bolton KL, Chenevix-Trench G, Goh C, et al. EMBRACE, kConFab Investigators, Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Association between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and survival in women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. JAMA. 2012; 307(4): 382–390.
    CrossRefPubMed
  51. Liu J, Cristea MC, Frankel P, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of BRCA-associated ovarian cancer: genotype and survival. Cancer Genet. 2012; 205(1-2): 34–41.
    CrossRefPubMed
  52. Reitsma W, de Bock GH, Oosterwijk JC, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival in BRCA1- and BRCA2-related adnexal cancer: are they different? Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2012; 22(4): 579–585.
    CrossRefPubMed
  53. Cass I, Baldwin RL, Varkey T, et al. Improved survival in women with BRCA-associated ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2003; 97(9): 2187–2195.
    CrossRefPubMed
  54. Lacour RA, Westin SN, Meyer LA, et al. Improved survival in non-Ashkenazi Jewish ovarian cancer patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. Gynecol Oncol. 2011; 121(2): 358–363.
    CrossRefPubMed
  55. Pal T, Permuth-Wey J, Kapoor R, et al. Improved survival in BRCA2 carriers with ovarian cancer. Fam Cancer. 2007; 6(1): 113–119.
    CrossRefPubMed
  56. Pharoah PD, Easton DF, Stockton DL, et al. Survival in familial, BRCA1- associated, and BRCA2-associated epithelial ovarian cancer. United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for earch (UKCCCR) Familial Ovarian Cancer Study Group. Cancer Res. 1999; 59(4): 868–871.
    PubMed
  57. Chetrit A, Hirsh-Yechezkel G, Ben-David Y, et al. Effect of BRCA1/2 mutations on long-term survival of patients with invasive ovarian cancer: the national Israeli study of ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26(1): 20–25.
    CrossRefPubMed
  58. Yang Da, Khan S, Sun Y, et al. Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with survival, chemotherapy sensitivity, and gene mutator phenotype in patients with ovarian cancer. JAMA. 2011; 306(14): 1557–1565.
    CrossRefPubMed
  59. DiSilvestro P, Banerjee S, Colombo N, et al. Overall survival at 7-year follow up in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer and BRCA mutation who received maintenance Olaparib in the SOLO1/GOG 3004 trial. ESMO Congress Paris, 2022.
  60. Ray-Coquard IL, Leary A, Pignata S, et al. Final overall survival results from the phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial evaluating maintenance Olaparib plus bevacizumab in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. ESMO Congress Paris, 2022.
  61. Tew WP, Lacchetti C, Kohn EC, et al. PARP Inhibitors in the Management of Ovarian Cancer Guideline Expert Panel. PARP Inhibitors in the Management of Ovarian Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2020; 38(30): 3468–3493.
    CrossRefPubMed
  62. Moore K, Colombo N, Scambia G, et al. Maintenance Olaparib in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(26): 2495–2505.
    CrossRefPubMed
  63. Bradley W, Moore K, Colombo N, et al. Maintenance olaparib for patients with newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA mutation: 5-year follow-up from SOLO1. Gynecol Oncol. 2021; 162: S25–S26.
    CrossRef
  64. Li N, Zhu J, Yin R, et al. Efficacy and safety of niraparib as maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer using an individualized starting dose (PRIME Study): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (LBA 5). Gynecol Oncol. 2022; 166: S50–S51.
    CrossRef
  65. Coleman RL, Fleming GF, Brady MF, et al. Veliparib with First-Line Chemotherapy and as Maintenance Therapy in Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(25): 2403–2415.
    CrossRefPubMed
  66. Ray-Coquard I, Pautier P, Pignata S, et al. PAOLA-1 Investigators. Olaparib plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Maintenance in Ovarian Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(25): 2416–2428.
    CrossRefPubMed
  67. Monk BJ, Parkinson C, Lim MC, et al. A Randomized, Phase III Trial to Evaluate Rucaparib Monotherapy as Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer (ATHENA-MONO/GOG-3020/ENGOT-ov45). J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40(34): 3952–3964.
    CrossRefPubMed
  68. Gonzalez-Martin A, Harter A, Leary D, et al. Newly diagnose and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow up. Annnc2023.07.011.
  69. Vergote I, González-Martín A, Ray-Coquard I, et al. European experts’ consensus group. European experts consensus: BRCA/homologous recombination deficiency testing in first-line ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022; 33(3): 276–287.
    CrossRefPubMed
  70. Ledermann J, Harter P, Gourley C, et al. Olaparib maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed serous ovarian cancer: a preplanned retrospective analysis of outcomes by BRCA status in a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014; 15(8): 852–861.
    CrossRefPubMed
  71. Pujade-Lauraine E, Ledermann JA, Selle FI, et al. Olaprib tablets as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation (SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21); a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017; 18: 1274–1284.
    CrossRefPubMed
  72. Poveda A, Floquet A, Ledermann JA, et al. SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21 investigators. Olaparib tablets as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation (SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21): a final analysis of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021; 22(5): 620–631.
    CrossRefPubMed
  73. Budny A, Starosławska E, Budny B, et al. [Epidemiology and diagnosis of breast cancer]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2019; 46(275): 195–204.
    PubMed
  74. Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 Cohort Consortium. Risks of Breast, Ovarian, and Contralateral Breast Cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. JAMA. 2017; 317(23): 2402–2416.
    CrossRefPubMed
  75. Cortesi L, Rugo HS, Jackisch C. An Overview of PARP Inhibitors for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Target Oncol. 2021; 16(3): 255–282.
    CrossRefPubMed
  76. Cardoso F, Kyriakides S, Ohno S, et al. ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org. Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Ann Oncol. 2019; 30(8): 1194–1220; Erratum in: Ann Oncol. 2021;32(2): 284.
    CrossRefPubMed
  77. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/genetics_bop.pdf.
  78. Litton JK, Rugo HS, Ettl J, et al. Talazoparib in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and a Germline BRCA Mutation. N Engl J Med. 2018; 379(8): 753–763.
    CrossRefPubMed
  79. Tutt ANJ, Garber JE, Kaufman B, et al. OlympiA Clinical Trial Steering Committee and Investigators. Adjuvant Olaparib for Patients with - or -Mutated Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384(25): 2394–2405.
    CrossRefPubMed
  80. Geyer CE, Garber JE, Gelber RD, et al. OlympiA Clinical Trial Steering Committee and Investigators. Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and high-risk, early breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022; 33(12): 1250–1268.
    CrossRefPubMed
  81. Abeshouse A, Ahn J, Akbani R, et al. The Molecular Taxonomy of Primary Prostate Cancer. Cell. 2015; 163(4): 1011–1025.
    CrossRefPubMed
  82. Robinson D, Van Allen E, Wu YM, et al. Integrative Clinical Genomics of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cell. 2015; 161(5): 1215–1228.
    CrossRefPubMed
  83. NCCN Guidelines Prostate Cancer Early Detection ver. 1.2023, Prostate Cancer ver. 3.2023.
  84. Herberts C, Wyatt AW, Nguyen PL, et al. Genetic and Genomic Testing for Prostate Cancer: Beyond DNA Repair. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2023; 43: e390384.
    CrossRefPubMed
  85. Taneja SS. Re: Germline BRCA mutations are associated with higher risk of nodal involvement, distant metastasis, and poor survival outcomes in prostate cancer. J Urol. 2013; 190(6): 2093.
    CrossRefPubMed
  86. Castro E, Goh C, Leongamornlert D, et al. Effect of BRCA Mutations on Metastatic Relapse and Cause-specific Survival After Radical Treatment for Localised Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2015; 68(2): 186–193.
    CrossRefPubMed
  87. Mateo J, Carreira S, Sandhu S, et al. DNA-Repair Defects and Olaparib in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(18): 1697–1708.
    CrossRefPubMed
  88. Bono Jde, Mateo J, Fizazi K, et al. Olaparib for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(22): 2091–2102.
    CrossRefPubMed
  89. Hussain M, Mateo J, Fizazi K, et al. Survival with Olaparib in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(24): 2345–2357.
    CrossRefPubMed
  90. Clarke NW, Armstrong AJ, Thiery-Vuillemin A, et al. Abiraterone and Olaparib for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. NEJM Evid. 2022; 1(9): EVIDoa2200043.
    CrossRefPubMed
  91. Agarwal N, Azad AA, Carles J, et al. Talazoparib plus enzalutamide in men with first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TALAPRO-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023; 402(10398): 291–303.
    CrossRefPubMed
  92. Chi K, Rathkopf D, Smith M, et al. Niraparib and Abiraterone Acetate for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2023; 41(18): 3339–3351.
    CrossRefPubMed
  93. Chi J, Chung SuY, Parakrama R, et al. The role of PARP inhibitors in mutated pancreatic cancer. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2021; 14: 17562848211014818.
    CrossRefPubMed
  94. Lord CJ, Ashworth A. BRCAness revisited. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016; 16(2): 110–120.
    CrossRefPubMed
  95. Hu C, Hart SN, Polley EC, et al. Association Between Inherited Germline Mutations in Cancer Predisposition Genes and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer. JAMA. 2018; 319(23): 2401–2409.
    CrossRefPubMed
  96. Couch FJ, Johnson MR, Rabe KG, et al. The prevalence of BRCA2 mutations in familial pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007; 16(2): 342–346.
    CrossRefPubMed
  97. Golan T, Kanji ZS, Epelbaum R, et al. Overall survival and clinical characteristics of pancreatic cancer in BRCA mutation carriers. Br J Cancer. 2014; 111(6): 1132–1138.
    CrossRefPubMed
  98. Golan T, Hammel P, Reni M, et al. Maintenance Olaparib for Germline -Mutated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(4): 317–327.
    CrossRefPubMed
  99. Kindler HL, Hammel P, Reni M, et al. Overall Survival Results From the POLO Trial: A Phase III Study of Active Maintenance Olaparib Versus Placebo for Germline BRCA-Mutated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40(34): 3929–3939.
    CrossRefPubMed
  100. Golan T, Hammel P, Reni M, et al. Overall survival from the phase 3 POLO trial: Maintenance olaparib for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2021; 39(3_suppl): 378–378.
    CrossRef

Informacje o plikach cookie

Niezbędne pliki cookie

Zawsze aktywne

Te pliki cookie są niezbędne do prawidłowego wyświetlania i działania strony internetowej. Zablokowanie ich może spowodować nieprawidłowe działanie strony.

Analityczne pliki cookie

W ramach naszej strony internetowej korzystamy z narzędzi analitycznych, takich jak Google Analytics, które umożliwiają nam weryfikację ruchu na stronie internetowej. Narzędzia te mogą wymagać użycia plików cookie.

Społecznościowe pliki cookie

Są to pliki cookie powiązane z portalami społecznościowymi, z których korzystamy. Zaakceptowanie ich pozwoli na powiązanie Twojej wizyty na stronie z naszymi profilami w mediach społecznościowych.

Marketingowe pliki cookie

Są to pliki cookie odpowiedzialne za prowadzenie działań reklamowych i marketingowych - zgoda na ich wykorzystanie pozwoli nam kierować do Ciebie reklamy, bazujące na podstawie Twoich wcześniejszych aktywności w ramach naszej stronie internetowej.

Copyright © 2023-2024 Via Medica Regulamin Polityka cookies Polityka prywatności Nota prawna