Tom 14, Nr 1 (2023)
Inne materiały uzgodnione z Redakcją
Opublikowany online: 2023-05-11
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Udział flory jelitowej w rozwoju chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego
Forum Zaburzeń Metabolicznych 2023;14(1):29-42.
Streszczenie
Choroby układu krążenia (CVD, cardiovascular diseases) od lat przodują wśród najczęstszych przyczyn zgonów wśród ludzi na całym świecie. Do najbardziej rozpowszechnionych należą: nadciśnienie tętnicze (HT, hypertension), choroba wieńcowa (CAD, coronary artery disease), dyslipidemia oraz miażdżyca naczyń krwionośnych. Następstwami CVD są zawały serca, udary mózgu oraz niewydolność serca. W ostatnich latach rośnie liczba doniesień naukowych na temat interakcji zachodzących pomiędzy mikrobiotą jelitową (GM, gut microbiota) a homeostazą organizmu gospodarza, w tym także danych dotyczących wpływu mikrobioty na patofizjologię układu krążenia. W wielu badaniach wśród pacjentów z CVD zaobserwowano specyficzne zmiany w mikrobiocie, charakteryzujące się przerostem bakterii patogennych powiązanych z markerami zapalnymi oraz zmniejszonym zasiedleniem przewodu pokarmowego przez bakterie potencjalnie korzystne. Wśród mechanizmów tłumaczących wpływ dysbiozy na rozwój CVD wymienia się głównie zwiększoną przepuszczalność bariery jelitowej, zaburzenia przemian kwasów żółciowych oraz wpływ metabolitów wytwarzanych przez mikroorganizmy przewodu pokarmowego na układ immunologiczny gospodarza. Rosnące zainteresowanie tematem GM i jej wpływu na rozwój CVD skłania do poszukiwania nowych rozwiązań terapeutycznych, nakierowanych na modulację mikrobiomu w celu zmniejszania ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego oraz łagodzenia powikłań CVD.
Słowa kluczowe: mikrobiotamikrobiomchoroby sercowo-naczyniowenadciśnienie tętniczedyslipidemia
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