New therapies of treatment for patients with advanced melanoma
Abstract
Cutaneous melanomas are malignant tumors deriving from melanocytes. Despite the fact that this type of tumor represents less than 2% of all tumors, it causes the highest mortality. Due to the fact that classical type of treatment with application of cytostatic drugs is not effective, the analysis of treatment in patients with advanced melanoma during last 6 years is mostly focused on two particular kind of therapies. The first one is immunotherapy based on application of antibodies against anti-programmed death receptor-1 (anti-PD-1) — pembrolizumab, nivolumab, used in monotherapy or therapy combined with antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4) — ipilimumab. The second one is molecular targeted therapy that is applied to patients with advanced melanoma with mutation in gene BRAF including combination of inhibitors BRAF and MEK (dabrafenib with trametinib or vemurafenib with cobimetinib), that is more effective than monotherapy of these drugs separately. This paper includes information about related works describing the latest drugs and combination between them that provide the most effective activity in therapies for advanced melanoma.
Keywords: skin melanomaimmunotherapyBRAF inhibitorMEK inhibitor
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