Is oxidative stress a factor in the pathogenesis of subacute thyroiditis?
, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1
Abstract
Introduction: In a performed study, selenium levels were detected to be lower in subacute thyroiditis (SAT). This outcome suggests that the oxidant-antioxidant system may play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of SAT, as is the case for many other diseases. The aim of the present study was to detect whether any association exists between SAT and oxidative stress, and to determine the factors of a possible association.
Material and methods: Twenty-five patients who were newly diagnosed with SAT and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and dynamic thiol/disulphide [native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulphide (DS), DS/TT, DS/NT, and NT/TT] levels of the participants were evaluated.
Results: Total thiol and NT levels were found to be lower in the SAT group (p < 0.001). DS/NT and DS/TT levels were significantly higher in the patients with SAT, whereas NT/TT levels were lower (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was detected between C-reactive protein (CRP) and TAS, whereas a positive correlation was detected between CRP and OSI. There was a negative association between TSH and TAS only in the partial correlation analysis by adjusting for age, white blood cell count, neutrophil (Neu) level, CRP, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = –0.481, p = 0.043).
Conclusions: Thiol levels are significantly decreased and thiol/disulphide homoeostasis is disrupted in patients with SAT. The present study has presented for the first time that there may be an association between SAT and oxidative stress.
Keywords: subacute thyroiditispathogenesisoxidative stressinflammationdynamic thiol/disulphide
References
- Shrestha RT, Hennessey J. Acute and Subacute, and Riedel’s Thyroiditis. Endotext, MDText.com Inc 2015.
- Ates I, Ozkayar N, Topcuoglu C, et al. Relationship between oxidative stress parameters and asymptomatic organ damage in hypertensive patients without diabetes mellitus. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2015; 49(5): 249–256.
- Villanueva I, Alva-Sánchez C, Pacheco-Rosado J. The role of thyroid hormones as inductors of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013; 2013: 218145.
- Ates I, Yilmaz FM, Altay M, et al. The relationship between oxidative stress and autoimmunity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015; 173(6): 791–799.
- Ates I, Altay M, Yilmaz FM, et al. Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism. Endocr Res. 2016; 41(4): 343–349.
- Finkel T. Redox-dependent signal transduction. FEBS Lett. 2000; 476(1-2): 52–54.
- Dean RT, Fu S, Stocker R, et al. Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein oxidation. Biochem J. 1997; 324 ( Pt 1): 1–18.
- Jones DP, Liang Y. Measuring the poise of thiol/disulfide couples in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009; 47(10): 1329–1338.
- Ateş İ, Ozkayar N, Altay M, et al. Is disulphide/thiol ratio related to blood pressure in masked hypertension? Clin Exp Hypertens. 2016; 38(2): 150–154.
- Moncayo R, Kroiss A, Oberwinkler M, et al. The role of selenium, vitamin C, and zinc in benign thyroid diseases and of selenium in malignant thyroid diseases: Low selenium levels are found in subacute and silent thyroiditis and in papillary and follicular carcinoma. BMC Endocr Disord. 2008; 8: 2.
- Erel O, Neselioglu S. A novel and automated assay for thiol/disulphide homeostasis. Clin Biochem. 2014; 47(18): 326–332.
- Buc M, Nyulassy S, Hnilica P, et al. HLA-BW35 and subacute de Quervain's thyroiditis [proceedings]. Diabete Metab. 1976; 2(3): 163–274.
- Kramer AB, Roozendaal C, Dullaart RPF. Familial occurrence of subacute thyroiditis associated with human leukocyte antigen-B35. Thyroid. 2004; 14(7): 544–547.
- Stasiak M, Lewiński A. New aspects in the pathogenesis and management of subacute thyroiditis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2021 [Epub ahead of print].
- Burman KD. Subacute thyroiditis Up To Date. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/subacute-thyroiditis?search=subacute%20thyroiditis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~38&usage_type=default&display_rank=12019.
- Hernik A, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Filipowicz D, et al. Hepcidin and Iron Homeostasis in Patients with Subacute Thyroiditis and Healthy Subjects. Mediators Inflamm. 2019; 2019: 5764061.
- Matteucci E, Giampietro O. Thiol signalling network with an eye to diabetes. Molecules. 2010; 15(12): 8890–8903.
- Go YM, Jones DP. Cysteine/cystine redox signaling in cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011; 50(4): 495–509.
- Prabhu A, Sarcar B, Kahali S, et al. Cysteine catabolism: a novel metabolic pathway contributing to glioblastoma growth. Cancer Res. 2014; 74(3): 787–796.
- Köseoğlu H, Alışık M, Başaran M, et al. Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in acute pancreatitis. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2018; 29(3): 348–353.
- Ates I, Arikan MF, Altay M, et al. The effect of oxidative stress on the progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2018; 124(4): 351–356.
- Santi A, Duarte MM, Moresco RN, et al. Association between thyroid hormones, lipids and oxidative stress biomarkers in overt hypothyroidism. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010; 48(11): 1635–1639.
- Wang D, Feng JF, Zeng P, et al. Total oxidant/antioxidant status in sera of patients with thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2011; 18(6): 773–782.
- Biswas S, Chida AS, Rahman I. Redox modifications of protein-thiols: emerging roles in cell signaling. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006; 71(5): 551–564.
- Rostami R, Aghasi MR, Mohammadi A, et al. Enhanced oxidative stress in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: inter-relationships to biomarkers of thyroid function. Clin Biochem. 2013; 46(4-5): 308–312.
- Xie Bo, Zhou JF, Lu Q, et al. Oxidative stress in patients with acute coxsackie virus myocarditis. Biomed Environ Sci. 2002; 15(1): 48–57.
- Erdamar H, Demirci H, Yaman H, et al. The effect of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and their treatment on parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008; 46(7): 1004–1010.
- Resch U, Helsel G, Tatzber F, et al. Antioxidant status in thyroid dysfunction. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2002; 40(11): 1132–1134.
- Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A. Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev. 1979; 59(3): 527–605.
- Castilho RF, Kowaltowski AJ, Vercesi AE. 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine induces mitochondrial permeability transition mediated by reactive oxygen species and membrane protein thiol oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998; 354(1): 151–157.
- Asayama K, Dobashi K, Hayashibe H, et al. Lipid peroxidation and free radical scavengers in thyroid dysfunction in the rat: a possible mechanism of injury to heart and skeletal muscle in hyperthyroidism. Endocrinology. 1987; 121(6): 2112–2118.
- Morini P, Casalino E, Sblano C, et al. The response of rat liver lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione concentration to the thyroid hormone. Int J Biochem. 1991; 23(10): 1025–1030.
- Maehira F, Miyagi I, Eguchi Y. Selenium regulates transcription factor NF-kappaB activation during the acute phase reaction. Clin Chim Acta. 2003; 334(1-2): 163–171.
- Sakr Y, Reinhart K, Bloos F, et al. Time course and relationship between plasma selenium concentrations, systemic inflammatory response, sepsis, and multiorgan failure. Br J Anaesth. 2007; 98(6): 775–784.
