Multimedialna platforma wiedzy medycznej Internetowa Księgarnia Medyczna Kalendarium Konferencji
Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal
MENU
Shortcuts Submit an article Author Guidelines Reviewers 2023 Focus and Scope

open access

Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Research paper
Published online: 2022-03-28
View PDF Download PDF file
Get Citation

Assessment of hospitals preparedness in road traffic crashes with mass casualty: the case of Iran

Shiva Yousefian1, Sanaz Sohrabizadeh23, Meysam Safi-Keykaleh4, Zahra Eskandari5, Farshad Faghisolouk6, Hamid Safarpour78
DOI: 10.5603/DEMJ.a2022.0003
·
Disaster Emerg Med J 2022;7(1):21-29.
Affiliations
  1. National Emergency Medical Organization, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  2. Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. Nahavand School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  5. Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  6. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
  7. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  8. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

open access

Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Published online: 2022-03-28

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) annually cause about 1.35 million deaths and 20–50 million injuries. Hospitals have the main role in responding to road traffic injuries (RTIs) and decreasing the number of disabilities and deaths.
This study aimed to assess the preparedness of selected Iranian hospitals in responding to road traffic crashes
with mass casualties.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 13 hospitals in four provinces including Tehran, Alborz, West Azerbaijan, and Hamedan in 2019. the valid and reliable questionnaire of hospital preparedness assessment in RTIs was used for data collection (Kappa coefficient = 0.89; CVR: 0.98; CVI: 0.97). Using SPSS 16, the level of hospital preparedness was categorized into three parts as weak (less than 34%), moderate (34–66%), and high (more than 66%).
RESULTS: Preparedness of the selected hospitals was at a moderate level (= 65.25%). Although the level of preparedness in the aspects of command and control (72.7%), safety and security (71.54%), infrastructure and medical equipment (74.12%), and coordination (71.15%) was satisfactory, hospitals were weak in the training and exercise aspect (48.46%). The level of access to specific equipment needed for responding to trauma injuries was high (79.56%).
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, a response plan is required to make hospitals more prepared to respond to road traffic injuries. The plan may include training and development, as well as health facilities preparedness in terms of structure, equipment, and human resources. In addition, assessing the effectiveness of all response plans requires exercise and practice.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) annually cause about 1.35 million deaths and 20–50 million injuries. Hospitals have the main role in responding to road traffic injuries (RTIs) and decreasing the number of disabilities and deaths.
This study aimed to assess the preparedness of selected Iranian hospitals in responding to road traffic crashes
with mass casualties.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 13 hospitals in four provinces including Tehran, Alborz, West Azerbaijan, and Hamedan in 2019. the valid and reliable questionnaire of hospital preparedness assessment in RTIs was used for data collection (Kappa coefficient = 0.89; CVR: 0.98; CVI: 0.97). Using SPSS 16, the level of hospital preparedness was categorized into three parts as weak (less than 34%), moderate (34–66%), and high (more than 66%).
RESULTS: Preparedness of the selected hospitals was at a moderate level (= 65.25%). Although the level of preparedness in the aspects of command and control (72.7%), safety and security (71.54%), infrastructure and medical equipment (74.12%), and coordination (71.15%) was satisfactory, hospitals were weak in the training and exercise aspect (48.46%). The level of access to specific equipment needed for responding to trauma injuries was high (79.56%).
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, a response plan is required to make hospitals more prepared to respond to road traffic injuries. The plan may include training and development, as well as health facilities preparedness in terms of structure, equipment, and human resources. In addition, assessing the effectiveness of all response plans requires exercise and practice.

Full Text:

View PDF Download PDF file
Get Citation

Keywords

preparedness; mass casualty; road traffic injuries; prehospital; Iran

About this article
Title

Assessment of hospitals preparedness in road traffic crashes with mass casualty: the case of Iran

Journal

Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal

Issue

Vol 7, No 1 (2022)

Article type

Research paper

Pages

21-29

Published online

2022-03-28

Page views

5122

Article views/downloads

333

DOI

10.5603/DEMJ.a2022.0003

Bibliographic record

Disaster Emerg Med J 2022;7(1):21-29.

Keywords

preparedness
mass casualty
road traffic injuries
prehospital
Iran

Authors

Shiva Yousefian
Sanaz Sohrabizadeh
Meysam Safi-Keykaleh
Zahra Eskandari
Farshad Faghisolouk
Hamid Safarpour

References (74)
  1. World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2018: Summary. World Health Organization, 2018.
  2. Hatamabadi H, Vafaee R, Hadadi M, et al. Epidemiologic study of road traffic injuries by road user type characteristics and road environment in Iran: a community-based approach. Traffic Inj Prev. 2012; 13(1): 61–64.
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. Khorasani-Zavareh D, Mohammadi R, Khankeh HR, et al. The requirements and challenges in preventing of road traffic injury in Iran. A qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9: 486.
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. Organization WH. World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs sustainable development goals: World Health Organization; 2016.
  5. Kokabisaghi F. Right to Health; the Application of International Laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Erasmus University Rotterdam; 2019.
  6. Zane RD, Prestipino AL. Implementing the Hospital Emergency Incident Command System: an integrated delivery system's experience. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2004; 19(4): 311–317.
    CrossRefPubMed
  7. Bin Shalhoub AA, Khan AA, Alaska YA. Evaluation of disaster preparedness for mass casualty incidents in private hospitals in Central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2017; 38(3): 302–306.
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. Sabzghabaie A, Kondori A, Shojaee M, et al. Hospital safety in hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2011-13. Pajoohandeh Journal. 2013; 18(2): 83–87.
  9. Gholami S, Monfared YK, Jamaly Z, et al. How is training hospitals of Qazvin preparedness against disaster in 2015? Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2017; 10(5): 1205.
    CrossRef
  10. Barbera JA, Yeatts DJ, Macintyre AG. Challenge of hospital emergency preparedness: analysis and recommendations. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009; 3(2 Suppl): S74–S82.
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. Shokouh SMH, Anjomshoa M, Mousavi SM, et al. Prerequisites of preparedness against earthquake in hospital system: a survey from Iran. Glob J Health Sci. 2014; 6(2): 237–245.
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. Moran ME, Blecker N, Gothard MD, et al. A Critical Pathway for Mass Casualty Incident Preparedness. J Trauma Nurs. 2021; 28(4): 275–280.
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. Ardalan A, Kandi M, Talebian MT, et al. Hospitals safety from disasters in I.R.iran: the results from assessment of 224 hospitals. PLoS Curr. 2014; 6.
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. Kaji AH, Langford V, Lewis RJ, et al. Hospital disaster preparedness in Los Angeles County. Acad Emerg Med. 2006; 13(11): 1198–1203.
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. Redlener I, Reilly MJ. Lessons from Sandy--preparing health systems for future disasters. N Engl J Med. 2012; 367(24): 2269–2271.
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. Krajewski MJ, Sztajnkrycer MD, Baez AA. Hospital disaster preparedness in the United States: new issues, new challenges 2005.
  17. Schultz CH, Koenig KL, Lewis RJ. Implications of hospital evacuation after the Northridge, California, earthquake. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(14): 1349–1355.
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. Safarpour H, Safi-Keykaleh M, Eskandari Z, et al. Hospital’s preparedness in road traffic injuries with mass casualties: Exploring a valid and reliable checklist. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2019; 29(1): 5–12.
    CrossRef
  19. Ardalan A, Kandi Keleh M, Saberinia A, et al. 2015 Estimation of Hospitals Safety from Disasters in I.R.Iran: The Results from the Assessment of 421 Hospitals. PLoS One. 2016; 11(9): e0161542.
    CrossRefPubMed
  20. Sh O, Norizad S, Mahbobi M, et al. Assessment of preparation for Disaster in Center of educational and caring in Kermanshah University 1387. Journal of Kermanshah Medical Science University. 2009; 13(3): 267–74.
  21. Sobhani G, Khammarnia M, Hayati R, et al. Investigation of the preparedness level of the hospitals against disasters in Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2012. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014; 64(5): 506–509.
    PubMed
  22. Daneshmandi M, Nezamzadeh M, Zareiyan A, et al. Assessment the preparedness of selected hospital to deal with disasters in Tehran. Military Caring Sciences. 2014; 1(1): 28–35.
    CrossRef
  23. Djalali A, Castren M, Khankeh H, et al. Hospital disaster preparedness as measured by functional capacity: a comparison between Iran and Sweden. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013; 28(5): 454–461.
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. Amiri M, Chaman R, Raei M, et al. Preparedness of hospitals in north of iran to deal with disasters. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013; 15(6): 519–521.
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. Hojat M. Sirati nayyer M, Khaghanizadeh M, Karimi zarchi M. The study of disaster preparedness in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Journal of the Shahed University. 2008; 15(74): 1–10.
  26. Hasanpor E, Ebadi Az, Tayebi G. survey of emergency ward situation in disaster and crisis in Alborz University of Medical Sciences hospitals according WHOs model [Research project]. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. ; 2012.
  27. Vahedparast H, Ravanipour M, Hajinezhad F, Kamali F, Gharibi T, Bagherzadeh R. Assessing hospital disaster preparedness of bushehr province. ISMJ. 2013; 16(1): 69-76.
  28. Hojat M. Disaster preparedness in hospitals of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2012; 16(3): 72–7.
  29. Asefzadeh S, Rajaee R, Ghamari F, et al. Preparedness of Iranian Hospitals Against Disasters. Biotechnology and Health Sciences. 2016; 3(3).
    CrossRef
  30. Asefzadeh S, Varyani AS, Gholami S. Disaster Risk Assessment in Educational Hospitals of Qazvin Based on WHO Pattern in 2015. Electron Physician. 2016; 8(1): 1770–1775.
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. Mohammadi S, Aminisaman J, Karimpour H, et al. Assessing of preparedness for disasters and crisis in centers of trauma and accidents of Kermanshah university of medical sciences in 2016. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery. ; 2017: 6.
  32. Esfandiari A, Heidari A, Julaee H, et al. Survey of natural disasters preparedness in public and private hospitals of Islamic republic of Iran (case study of shiraz, 2011). International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management. 2013; 1(1): 26.
    CrossRef
  33. Ezzati E, Kaviannezhad R, Karimpour H, et al. Preparedness of crisis and disaster management in social security hospitals in Kermanshah in 2016: A short report. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 15(6): 583–90.
  34. Djalali A, Della Corte F, Foletti M, et al. Art of disaster preparedness in European union: a survey on the health systems. PLoS Curr. 2014; 6.
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. Yousefli M, Asefzadeh S, PartoviShayan Z. Evaluation of Emergency wards readiness for responding to disasters and emergencies at hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences according to World Health Organization Model 2012. Quarterly Scientific Journal of Rescue and Relief. 2014; 6(2): 0.
  36. Sajadi H, Zaboli R. Assessing hospital disaster preparedness in Tehran: Lessons learned on disaster and mass casualty management system. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management. 2014; 2(4): 220.
    CrossRef
  37. Djalali A, Castren M, Hosseinijenab V, et al. Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) performance in Iran; decision making during disasters. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2012; 20: 14.
    CrossRefPubMed
  38. Hick JL, Hanfling D, Burstein JL, et al. Health care facility and community strategies for patient care surge capacity. Ann Emerg Med. 2004; 44(3): 253–261.
    CrossRefPubMed
  39. Bagaria J, Heggie C, Abrahams J, et al. Evacuation and sheltering of hospitals in emergencies: a review of international experience. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009; 24(5): 461–467.
    CrossRefPubMed
  40. Al-Shareef AS, Alsulimani LK, Bojan HM, et al. Evaluation of Hospitals' Disaster Preparedness Plans in the Holy City of Makkah (Mecca): A Cross-Sectional Observation Study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017; 32(1): 33–45.
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. Mehta S. Disaster and mass casualty management in a hospital: How well are we prepared? Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2006; 52(2): 89.
  42. Aladhrai SA, Ingrassia PL, El-Bakri NK. editors. Hospitals Disaster Preparedness during Arab Spring in Yemen. Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology; 2013: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. (WASET).
  43. Organization WH. Hospital emergency response checklist-An all-hazards tool for hospital administrators and emergency managers. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark. 2011.
  44. Haghi M, Gharasi Manshadi M. The Necessity of Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response in Iran's Hospital System. Iran J Public Health. 2015; 44(7): 1029–1030.
    PubMed
  45. El Sayed M, Chami AF, Hitti E. Developing a Hospital Disaster Preparedness Plan for Mass Casualty Incidents: Lessons Learned From the Downtown Beirut Bombing. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018; 12(3): 379–385.
    CrossRefPubMed
  46. Daneshmandi M, Amiri H, Vahedi M, et al. Assessing the level of preparedness for confronting crisis such as flood, earthquake, fire and storm in some selected hospitals of Iran. Military Medicine Journal. 2010; 12(3): 167–71.
  47. Zaboli R. Assessment of readiness in Tehran hospitals faces unexpected disasters. Mil Med. 2006; 8(2): 103–11.
  48. Ochi S, Kato S, Kobayashi K, et al. Disaster Vulnerability of Hospitals: A Nationwide Surveillance in Japan. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015; 9(6): 614–618.
    CrossRefPubMed
  49. Maleki M, Shojaei P. Preparedness of educational hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences at disaster of the security scope. Health management. 2007; 10(28): 65–70.
  50. Hoseinishokoh S, Arab M, Rahimi A, et al. Preparation rate the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services to the earthquake. Journal of Public Health faculty and research Health institute. 2008; 6(3): 4.
  51. Niska RW, Shimizu I. Hospital preparedness for emergency response: United States, 2008. 2011.
  52. Dormes B, HamedBadi R, Gromer S. Disaster Preparedness of Hospitals Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Field study of 1st. 2nd level hospitals. 2009.
  53. Rattanakanlaya K, Sukonthasarn A, Wangsrikhun S, et al. A survey of flood disaster preparedness among hospitals in the central region of Thailand. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2016; 19(4): 191–197.
    CrossRefPubMed
  54. Bayarmaa C, Ganbold L, Sakamoto J, et al. Disaster and emergency preparedness of hospitals in Mongolia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2009; 40: 16.
  55. Bajow N, Alkhalil S. Evaluation and Analysis of Hospital Disaster Preparedness in Jeddah. Health. 2014; 06(19): 2668–2687.
    CrossRef
  56. Soleimani V, editor. Assessment of preparation rate of Chamran hospital in Saveh in disaster in 1385. Second International Congress of crisis manegement in natural disaste second Tarvij; 2006.
  57. Amiri M, Chaman R, Raei M, et al. Preparedness of Hospitals in North of Iran to Deal With Disasters. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2013; 15(6): 519–521.
    CrossRef
  58. Arab M, Zeraati H, Akbari Haghighi F, et al. A study on the executive managers' knowledge and performance, and their hospitals preparedness against earthquake events and their relationships at public hospitals (affiliated by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) 2005-2006). Journal of Health Administration. 2009; 11(34): 7–14.
  59. Mohabbati F. Evaluation of Knowledge, attitude and directors of the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences earthquake. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2004.
  60. Atashzadeh SF, HeidarIzadeh K. Survey for observance of disaster management standards accreditation at military hospitals in Tehran. 2012.
  61. Zaboli R, Sh T. Survey of Safety Management On Bagiyatallah (as) Hospital, 2006-07‎. Journal Mil Med. 2007; 9(2): 103–11.
  62. Nasiripor A, Raeesi P, Mahbobi M. Readiness of hospitals in the border province of Kermanshah in dealing with cross-border crisis. Journal of Health Management. 2007; 10(28): 41–8.
  63. Koari H, Sh M, Panahi A, editors. Assessment of preparation rate hospitals of Shiraz medical university in disaster in 1384. Second International Congress on Disaster Health and Crisis Management First Tehran; 2005.
  64. Hojjat M. Assessment of readiness to deal with accidents in hospitals [dissertation]. Tehran: Baghiyatallah University. 2006.
  65. Kelen GD, McCarthy ML, Kraus CK, et al. Creation of surge capacity by early discharge of hospitalized patients at low risk for untoward events. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009; 3(2 Suppl): S10–S16.
    CrossRefPubMed
  66. Cliff BJ, Morlock L, Curtis AB. Is there an association between risk perception and disaster preparedness in rural US hospitals? Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009; 24(6): 512–517.
    CrossRefPubMed
  67. Norman ID, Aikins M, Binka FN, et al. Hospital all-risk emergency preparedness in Ghana. Ghana Med J. 2012; 46(1): 34–42.
    PubMed
  68. Granström A, Strömmer L, Schandl A, et al. A criteria-directed protocol for in-hospital triage of trauma patients. Eur J Emerg Med. 2018; 25(1): 25–31.
    CrossRefPubMed
  69. Xiang Bo, Cheng W, Liu J, et al. Triage of pediatric injuries after the 2008 Wen-Chuan earthquake in China. J Pediatr Surg. 2009; 44(12): 2273–2277.
    CrossRefPubMed
  70. Nie Hu, Tang SY, Lau WB, et al. Triage during the week of the Sichuan earthquake: a review of utilized patient triage, care, and disposition procedures. Injury. 2011; 42(5): 515–520.
    CrossRefPubMed
  71. Safi Keykaleh M, Sohrabizadeh S. The Emergency Medical System (EMS) response to Iraqi pilgrims' bus crash in Iran: a case report. BMC Emerg Med. 2019; 19(1): 38.
    CrossRefPubMed
  72. Hui Z, Jian-Shi H, Xiong He, et al. An analysis of the current status of hospital emergency preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks in Beijing, China. Am J Infect Control. 2007; 35(1): 62–67.
    CrossRefPubMed
  73. Li X, Huang J, Zhang H. An analysis of hospital preparedness capacity for public health emergency in four regions of China: Beijing, Shandong, Guangxi, and Hainan. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8: 319.
    CrossRefPubMed
  74. Yantao X. Assessment of hospital emergency management in the Beijing area. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2011; 26(3): 180–183.
    CrossRefPubMed

Regulations

Important: This website uses cookies. More >>

The cookies allow us to identify your computer and find out details about your last visit. They remembering whether you've visited the site before, so that you remain logged in - or to help us work out how many new website visitors we get each month. Most internet browsers accept cookies automatically, but you can change the settings of your browser to erase cookies or prevent automatic acceptance if you prefer.

By VM Media Group sp. z o.o., ul. Świętokrzyska 73, 80–180 Gdańsk, Poland
tel.:+48 58 320 94 94, fax:+48 58 320 94 60, e-mail: viamedica@viamedica.pl