Tom 18, Nr 3 (2021)
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Opublikowany online: 2021-11-29
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Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Czy nadciśnienie tętnicze może mieć źródło w chorej jamie ustnej? Wpływ zapalenia przyzębia na ryzyko nadciśnienia tętniczego — przegląd literatury i badań klinicznych

Stanisław Surma1, Monika Romańczyk1, Maciej R. Czerniuk2, Justyna Witalińska-Łabuzek3, Krzysztof Łabuzek4, Krzysztof J. Filipiak5
Choroby Serca i Naczyń 2021;18(3):121-138.

Streszczenie

Nadciśnienie tętnicze jest ważnym czynnikiem ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Na świecie około 45% ludzi choruje na nadciśnienie tętnicze, natomiast dobrą kontrolę ciśnienia tętniczego osiąga jedynie około 50% wszystkich leczonych chorych z nadciśnieniem. Przyczyną jego częstego występowania i słabej kontroli jest zbyt mała wiedza na temat czynników ryzyka jego wystąpienia. Jeden z takich czynników to zapalenie przyzębia — choroba o znaczeniu cywilizacyjnym. Wykazano, że występowanie zapalenia przyzębia prowadzi do zwiększenia ryzyka nadciśnienia tętniczego. Zapalenie przyzębia może również prowadzić do zmniejszenia skuteczności terapii przeciwnadciśnieniowej. W niektórych badaniach interwencyjnych wykazano, że leczenie zapalenia przyzębia prowadziło do obniżenia ciśnienia tętniczego u chorych z nadciśnieniem. Patogeneza nadciśnienia tętniczego w przebiegu zapaleniu przyzębia jest złożona i dotyczy przede wszystkim zaburzenia czynności śródbłonka naczyń. Higiena jamy ustnej i leczenie zapalenia przyzębia powinny stanowić metodę zapobiegania nadciśnieniu tętniczemu i zwiększania skuteczności leczenia przeciwnadciśnieniowego, przy czym zbyt częste stosowanie przeciwbakteryjnych płynów do higieny jamy ustnej może prowadzić do zwiększenia ryzyka nadciśnienia tętniczego.

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