Tom 18, Nr 2 (2021)
Artykuł przeglądowy
Opublikowany online: 2021-09-02
Skrajna niewydolność serca u schyłku życia
Choroby Serca i Naczyń 2021;18(2):47-54.
Streszczenie
Przewlekła niewydolność serca (HF) prowadzi nieuchronnie do stopniowej przebudowy jam serca i upośledzenia struktury oraz funkcji mięśnia sercowego, czego następstwem jest skrajna HF. W tej grupie chorych jedyny sposób poprawy rokowania i jakości życia to transplantacja serca (HT) lub mechaniczne wspomaganie krążenia (MCS).
Dotychczas nie opracowano jednoznacznego konsensusu dotyczącego postępowania u chorych ze skrajną HF u schyłku życia, którzy nie kwalifikują się ani do HT ani do MCS. Możliwe sposoby postępowania obejmują leczenie paliatywne (ultrafiltracja, dializa otrzewnowa, leki inotropowo dodatnie), hospicyjne, a także odłączenie urządzeń wszczepialnych. Podejmowanie tego typu decyzji wymaga jednak uwzględnienia oczekiwań pacjenta i jego bliskich, a także uświadomienia wszystkim zaangażowanym w opiekę nad chorym, że znajduje się on w terminalnym stadium schorzenia i u schyłku życia. Adekwatne strategie postępowania w takiej sytuacji różnią się istotnie od strategii ratujących życie, takich jak MCS lub HT, ponieważ celem medycyny paliatywnej jest minimalizacja objawów i dbanie o odpowiednią jakość schyłkowego etapu życia pacjenta.
Słowa kluczowe: skrajna niewydolność sercaopieka paliatywnajakość życia
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