Tom 15, Nr 4 (2018)
Niewydolność serca
Opublikowany online: 2018-12-13
Niewydolność serca — nowe biomarkery na horyzoncie?
Choroby Serca i Naczyń 2018;15(4):232-244.
Streszczenie
Niewydolność serca (HF) stanowi jeden z wiodących problemów współczesnej kardiologii. Dotyka coraz większej liczby pacjentów, wiąże się ze złym rokowaniem chorych oraz wysokimi kosztami społecznymi, wynikającymi przede wszystkim z dużej liczby hospitalizacji. Obecnie ważnym kierunkiem w poprawie procesu terapeutycznego HF jest poszukiwanie nowych markerów biologicznych. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie obiecujących biomarkerów biorących udział w patologicznych mechanizmach prowadzących do rozwoju HF. Spośród nich najbardziej cenne wydają się galektyna-3 oraz białko ST-2, odgrywające istotną rolę w remodelingu lewej komory i jej włóknieniu, jednego z kluczowych patofizjologicznych mechanizmów wpływających na rozwój HF. Galektyna-3 jest białkiem wydzielanym przez aktywowane makrofagi, stymulującym stan zapalny i włóknienie mięśnia sercowego. Białko ST-2 jest rozpuszczalną glikoproteiną z rodziny receptora interleukiny 1, wydzielaną przez komórki zapalne, kardiomiocyty i śródbłonek. Białko ST-2 występuje w dwóch istotnych klinicznie izoformach: przezbłonowej (ST-2L) oraz rozpuszczalnej (sST-2) krążącej swobodnie we krwi. Równowaga między obiema formami białka ST-2 gwarantuje prawidłowy efekt biologiczny. Interleukina 33 (IL-33) wiąże się z ST-2L, zapobiegając procesom włóknienia. Natomiast sST-2 obecne w środowisku zewnątrzkomórkowym wiąże się z wolną IL-33, kompetencyjnie dla receptora ST-2L, uruchamiając w ten sposób niekorzystny proces włóknienia mięśnia sercowego. Oba biomarkery wydają się mieć znaczenie w diagnostyce HF, szczególnie we wczesnych stadiach choroby, mogą także dostarczyć cennych informacji prognostycznych. Ich wartość jako dodatkowych markerów diagnostycznych i rokowniczych w ostrej i przewlekłej HF uznano w wytycznych Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego.
Słowa kluczowe: białko ST-2galektyna-3CA-125GDF-15hs-cTnTkopeptynamicroRNAMR-proADMrokowani
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