Tom 13, Nr 5 (2016)
Niewydolność serca
Opublikowany online: 2017-01-06

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Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Rehospitalizacje w niewydolności serca z upośledzoną funkcją lewej komory — strategie zapobiegania

Marta Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Karol A. Kamiński
Choroby Serca i Naczyń 2016;13(5):321-332.

Streszczenie

 Niewydolność serca (HF) w krajach rozwiniętych dotyczy ponad 10% populacji powyżej 70. roku życia, stanowiąc tym samym ważny problem za­równo zdrowotny, społeczny, jak i ekonomiczny. Szacuje się, że obecnie w Polsce na HF cier­pi 600 000–700 000 osób. Mimo postępu, jaki się dokonał w ostatnich 30 latach w zakresie farmakoterapii niewydolności serca z istotnie upośledzoną funkcją skurczową lewej komo­ry (HFrEF) (wdrożenie inhibitorów konwertazy angiotensyny [ACEI], blokerów receptora an­giotensyny II [ARB], antagonistów receptora mineralokortykoidowgo [MRA] oraz iwabrady­ny) rokowanie pacjentów z tej grupy pozostaje niekorzystne. Jednym z głównych czynników istotnie zwiększających współczynnik śmier­telności w tej grupie chorych jest wysoki odse­tek ponownych hospitalizacji (w ciągu roku dla ostrej HF — 43,9%; dla przewlekłej HF — 31,9%). Tym samym HF stanowi również wiodącą przy­czynę rehospitalizacji pacjentów powyżej 65. roku życia. W sytuacji nadmiernego obciążenia oddziałów kardiologicznych i niedostatecznego finansowania hospitalizacji pacjentów z HF ist­nieje bardzo duże niebezpieczeństwo skracania okresu pobytu w szpitalu poniżej bezpieczne­go minimum. Przy czym powszechny i wczesny dostęp do kardiologa wciąż stanowi problem dla wielu pacjentów z HF. W efekcie wczesne rehospitalizacje są w wielu przypadkach wyni­kiem nieoptymalnego wyrównania w trakcie ho­spitalizacji, utrudnionego wczesnego dostępu do specjalisty po wypisaniu ze szpitala, a także braku sprecyzowanego planu dalszej opieki ambulatoryjnej zarówno w zakresie terminu naj­bliższej wizyty, jak i eskalacji farmakoterapii. Świadomość problemów codziennej opieki nad pacjentem z HFrEF oraz czynników ryzyka reho­spitalizacji i gorszego rokowania może stanowić nieocenioną pomoc w wyłonieniu z szerokiej grupy chorych z HFrEF tych, którzy wymagają wzmożonej czujności i częstszych kontroli w po­radni specjalistycznej.

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