Nadciśnienie tętnicze wywołane leczeniem przeciwnowotworowym - przegląd literatury, badań i wytycznych
Streszczenie
Nadciśnienie tętnicze stanowi najczęściej współistniejącą chorobę u pacjentów onkologicznych. Rozpowszechnienie nadciśnienia tętniczego w populacji chorych otrzymujących leczenie przeciwnowotworowe jest większe w porównaniu do populacji ogólnej W zależności od rodzaju nowotworu częstość nadciśnienia tętniczego się różni (najczęściej stwierdzane jest u chorych z rakiem prostaty, trzonu macicy i nerki). Nadciśnienie tętnicze może mieć charakter paraneoplastyczny (np. w raku nerki) albo być jatrogennym skutkiem leczenia przeciwnowotworowego. Lekami często wywołującymi nadciśnienie tętnicze są inhibitory angiogenezy. Wystąpienie nadciśnienia tętniczego w trakcie leczenia onkologicznego jest wykładnikiem dobrej odpowiedzi na leczenie i korzystnym czynnikiem rokowniczym. Pomimo tego takie nadciśnienie tętnicze trzeba leczyć. Leczenie przeciwnadciśnieniowe nie zaburza odpowiedzi na terapię onkologiczną (a nawet może ją wspomagać). Zasady leczenia przeciwnadciśnieniowego u chorych onkologicznych zasadniczo nie różnią się od tych w populacji ogólnej. Należy jednak maksymalnie personalizować leczenie uwzględniając ryzyko interakcji międzylekowych. W razie stosowania potencjalnie kardiotoksycznej chemioterapii należy rozważyć inhibitorów konwertazy angiotensyny antagonistów receptorów -adrenergicznych; należy ostrożnie stosować tiazydowe leki moczopędne u chorych z przerzutami do kości oraz należy unikać stosowania niedyhydropirydynowych antagonistów kanałów wapniowych ze względu na interakcje międzylekowe. Intensywna kontrola ciśnienia tętniczego przynosi takie same korzyści sercowo-naczyniowe u chorych onkologicznych z i bez choroby onkologicznej. Korzystne są również interwencje niefarmakologiczne, takie jak ograniczenie spożycia soli w diecie. W niniejszym artykule podsumowano literaturę, badania kliniczne i najnowsze wytyczne dotyczące nadciśnienia tętniczego w onkologii.
Słowa kluczowe: choroba nowotworowaleczenie przeciwnowotworowenadciśnienie tętniczeleczenie przeciwnadciśnieniowe
Referencje
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