The civilization-related phenotypes of abnormal fatty tissue distribution: visceral obesity and sarcopoenic obesity

Abstract

Obesity is a well-known risk factor of abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. This risk increases with abnormal fat distribution with excessive fat accumulation in the abdominal cavity, liver, pancreas, heart, kidneys, blood vessels, and muscles. In this review we present pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges and metabolic consequences of visceral and sarcopoenic obesity — the new phenotypes of fat distribution in human evolution.