Vol 22, No 3 (2018)
Original paper
Published online: 2018-09-28
Vitamin D in children with primary hypertension
DOI: 10.5603/AH.2018.0015
Arterial Hypertension 2018;22(3):127-134.
Abstract
Introduction: Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a role in pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. The aim was to assess vitamin D in children and adolescents with arterial hypertension.
Material and methods: In 49 children (14.29 ± 3.17 years) with arterial hypertension we evaluated vitamin D status (according to Polish 2018 Guidelines), serum calcium, phosphorus, parathormone, alkaline phosphatase, office blood pressure, ABPM (including ambulatory arterial stiffness index [AASI]), BMI, GFR, uric acid, lipids and albuminuria. None of the children were supplemented with vitamin D.
Results: Mean vitamin D concentration was 19.74 ± 9.68 ng/mL. Vitamin D severe deficiency (0–10 ng/mL) was found in 5 (10.2%), deficiency (> 10–20 ng/mL) in 29 (49.0%), suboptimal concentration (> 20–30 ng/mL) in 17 (34.7%), optimal concentration (> 30 to 50 ng/mL) in 1 (2.0%), and high concentration (> 50 to 100 ng/mL) in 2 (4.1%) children. Vitamin D was higher in spring-summer vs. autumn-winter (21.79 ± 10.19 vs. 15.53 ± 7.08 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Vitamin D correlated with height Z-score (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), BMI Z-score (r = -0.34, p = 0.02), uric acid (r = -0.31, p = 0.04), triglycerides (r = -0.37, p = 0.01), but not with office blood pressure and ABPM parameters except for heart rate (r = -0.38, p < 0.01). In 24 children treated with antihypertensive medications vitamin D correlated with AASI (r = 0.50, p = 0.04).
Conclusions:
- Inadequate vitamin D supply is ubiquitous in children with arterial hypertension.
- Vitamin D deficiency should be suspected especially in autumn-winter period and among obese and short children.
- The relation between vitamin D status and ambulatory arterial stiffness index suggests negative influence of vitamin D on arterial wall but requires further investigations.
Keywords: childrenadolescentsprimary hypertensionvitamin Dambulatory blood pressure monitoringarterial stiffness
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