Background Hypertension is a type of illness in which numerous metabolic disorders are detected, such metabolic disorders cause damage to many of the body’s organs including kidneys. Moreover, arterial overpressure can frequently be observed in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidneys in the first place participate in the maintenance of internal environment stability, nevertheless, they play an important role in transformation of carbohydrates as they are responsible for insulin degradation. It is also known that disorder of carbohydrates transformation along with disfunction of endothelium can often be seen in cases of primary overpressure.
Materials and methods The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between concentration of insulin in blood serum or kidneys volume in patiens with non-treated primary hypertension and healthy persons. The study covered 25 patients with non-treated primary hypertension. A control group consisted of 14 health volunteers. In both groups, kidneys volume was measured by USG, moreover, blood samples were taken from a vein in fasting state in order to evaluate the concentration of insulin, glucose and creatinine. In both groups, urine was collected over 24 hrs and the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucaminidase (NAG) and creatinine was assessed. Results Insulin/Glucose Index as well as the excretion of NAG were significantly higher in patiens with non-treated primary overpressure as compared to the control group. Also, there were significant differences in the ratio of Kidney Volume to Body Mass Index in patients with nontreated overpressure and the control group, the above differences resulted from much higher BMI in the group of patients with overpressure. Only in patients with overpressure correlation between insulinemia and KV/BMI amounted (r = 0.441; p < 0.05).
Conclusions Primary hypertension leads to disfunction of kidney ducts. Such disfunction may contribute to disturbances in carbohydrates transformation observed in cases of arterial hypertension.