Estimation of tumor and local tissue dose in gold nanoparticles radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Abstract

Aim

The objective of this research was to estimate the dose distribution delivered by radioactive gold nanoparticles (¹⁹⁸AuNPs or ¹⁹⁹AuNPs) to the tumor inside the human prostate as well as to normal tissues surrounding the tumor using the Monte-Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP-6.1.1 code).

Background

Radioactive gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated to treat prostate cancer in animals. In order to use them as a new therapeutic modality to treat human prostate cancer, accurate radiation dosimetry simulations are required to estimate the energy deposition in the tumor and surrounding tissue and to establish the course of therapy for the patient.

Materials and methods

A simple geometrical model of a human prostate was used, and the dose deposited by ¹⁹⁸AuNPs or ¹⁹⁹AuNPs to the tumor within the prostate as well as to the healthy tissue surrounding the prostate was calculated using the MCNP code. Water and A-150 TEP phantoms were used to simulate the soft and tumor tissues.

Results

The results showed that the dose due to ¹⁹⁸AuNPs or ¹⁹⁹AuNPs, which are distributed homogenously in the tumor, had a maximal value in the tumor region and then rapidly decreased toward the prostate–tumor interface and surrounding organs. However, the dose deposited by ¹⁹⁸Au is significantly higher than the dose deposited by ¹⁹⁹Au in the tumor region as well as normal tissues.

Conclusions

According to the MCNP results, ¹⁹⁸AuNPs are a promising modality to treat prostate cancer and other cancers and ¹⁹⁹AuNPs could be used for imaging purposes.