Adjuvant gamma knife surgery and image-guided, intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of sacral chordomas

Abstract

Aim

The aim of this study was to confirm whether patients with sacral chordoma benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy and to determine the optimal photon radiotherapy module for comprehensive treatment.

Background

Chordoma is a rare slow-growing neoplasm arisen from cellular remnants of the notochord. About 50% occur in the sacrococcygeal region. Surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy are recommended treatment due to the improving local control rate.

Materials and methods

118 patients treated by surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy from August 2003 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received surgical resection after diagnosis. Among these patients, 44 were treated by exclusive surgery, and 48 were treated with adjuvant image-guided, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT). In addition, 26 patients were treated with gamma knife surgery (GKS) after surgical resection. The median follow-up was 54 months for all patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate recurrence-free survival (RFS) overall survival (OS).

Results

Patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy had better RFS (p=0.014) than those treated exclusively by surgery. The patients in the IG-IMRT group exhibited better recurrence-free survival (p=0.01) than the GKS group. Moreover, in the IG-IMRT group, patients treated by higher dose were associated with better RFS (p=0.04). No significant difference in OS was found. No grade 3 late toxicity was found.

Conclusions

We confirmed that adjuvant radiotherapy improved RFS but not OS in sacral chordoma patients after surgery. Furthermore, favorable RFS and low adverse event rates were observed following IG-IMRT. Our results suggest that high dose IG-IMRT is an appropriate module of adjuvant radiotherapy for sacral chordoma patients.