Vol 4, No 1 (2018)
Review paper
Published online: 2018-04-05
Budowa i funkcja ludzkich antygenów zgodności tkankowej. Część 1. Kodowanie i budowa
Forum Reumatol 2018;4(1):37-44.
Abstract
Antygeny zgodności tkankowej należą do struktur, zapewniających integralność organizmu. U ludzi tradycyjnie są nazywane antygenami leukocytarnymi (HLA). Kompleks genów kodujących te antygeny, tak zwany główny układ zgodności tkankowej (MHC) leży na chromosomie 6. Ze względu na budowę i funkcje wyróżniane są antygeny zgodności tkankowej klasy I i klasy II. Antygeny klasy I, występujące na wszystkich komórkach jądrzastych, są
białkami transmembranowymi, zbudowanymi z ciężkiego łańcucha polipeptydowego zwiniętego w trzy domeny, do którego niekowalencyjnie dołączona jest beta2 mikroglobulina. Pofałdowanie łańcucha ciężkiego powoduje powstanie rowka mogącego wiązać peptydy. Antygeny klasy II występują konstytutywnie na powierzchni komórek prezentujących antygen. Są heterodimerem zbudowanym z dwóch transmembranowych łańcuchów ciężkich, których ukształtowanie w części dystalnej tworzy rowek wiążący peptydy. Układ MHC cechuje bardzo duży polimorfizm.
Forum Reumatol. 2018, tom 4, nr 1: 37–44
Keywords: ludzkie antygeny leukocytarne (HLA)główny układ zgodności tkankowej (MHC)cząsteczki MHC kl. I i kl. II
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