Renalase — way of action, clinical aspects and therapeutic potential

Abstract

Renalase is a small protein with a well-known structure, but a controversial mechanism of action. Due to its structure and properties, it was initially indicated that it is an enzyme similar to monoamine oxidases. Subsequent studies have shown that protective, systemic effects are probably not associated with enzymatic activity, but with participation in cell signaling. Its protective role has been demonstrated for such organs as kidneys, heart and pancreas, however, due to its cytoprotective properties, it has also been shown to promote the formation and development of tumors. Based on animal models, the efficacy of renalase administration in diminishing the adverse effects of damage, hypoxia or inflammation has been demonstrated. At the same time, inhibition of renalase gene or the use of specific antibodies blocking its action promoted inhibition of tumor growth and improvement of patients’ overall survival. Renalase may therefore be an effective therapeutic agent, with the occurrence of cancer appearing to be a significant contraindication to its use.