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Tom 20, Nr 1 (2023)
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Opublikowany online: 2023-02-21
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Rola oreksyn w patofizjologii uzależnień — podstawy teoretyczne i implikacje kliniczne

Miłosz Jan Gołyszny1, Joanna Kidoń2, Kinga Zorychta3, Barbara Grabowska3, Laura Smolik3, Monika Stanek3, Aleksandra Strach3, Karolina Kopeć3
DOI: 10.5603/PSYCH.a2023.0001
·
Psychiatria 2023;20(1):22-35.
Afiliacje
  1. Zakład Farmakologii Katedry Farmakologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Katowicach, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice, Polska
  2. Zakład Kardiologii Inwazyjnej i Elektrokardiologii III Katedry Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Katowicach, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice, Polska
  3. Wydział Nauk Medycznych w Katowicach, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice, Polska

dostęp płatny

Tom 20, Nr 1 (2023)
Artykuły przeglądowe
Opublikowany online: 2023-02-21

Streszczenie

Oreksyny odgrywają istotną rolę w szerokim spektrum funkcji ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Zaangażowane są w regulację homeostazy energetycznej, metabolizmu, stanu czuwania i snu, odpowiedzi na stres, patofizjologię zaburzeń nastroju i lęku. Szereg prac z ostatnich lat wskazuje na rolę oreksyn w patofizjologii uzależnień. Postuluje się udział oreksyny A i oreksyny B oraz ich białek receptorowych: OX1R oraz OX2R. Neuromodulacja oreksynergiczna jest istotnym elementem kontroli dopaminergicznego szlaku mezokortykolimbicznego (układ nagrody). Ekspresja i aktywność oreksyn zmienia się pod wpływem dostarczanych substancji psychoaktywnych oraz podniet behawioralnych, a leki antagonistyczne wobec receptorów oreksynowych mogą być potencjalnym celem farmakoterapii uzależnień. W pracy opisano anatomię i fizjologię układu oreksynergicznego, jego powiązania z układem nagrody oraz badania przedkliniczne i kliniczne, dotyczące zmian w modulacji oreksynowej zachodzących u zwierząt i ludzi uzależnionych.

Streszczenie

Oreksyny odgrywają istotną rolę w szerokim spektrum funkcji ośrodkowego układu nerwowego. Zaangażowane są w regulację homeostazy energetycznej, metabolizmu, stanu czuwania i snu, odpowiedzi na stres, patofizjologię zaburzeń nastroju i lęku. Szereg prac z ostatnich lat wskazuje na rolę oreksyn w patofizjologii uzależnień. Postuluje się udział oreksyny A i oreksyny B oraz ich białek receptorowych: OX1R oraz OX2R. Neuromodulacja oreksynergiczna jest istotnym elementem kontroli dopaminergicznego szlaku mezokortykolimbicznego (układ nagrody). Ekspresja i aktywność oreksyn zmienia się pod wpływem dostarczanych substancji psychoaktywnych oraz podniet behawioralnych, a leki antagonistyczne wobec receptorów oreksynowych mogą być potencjalnym celem farmakoterapii uzależnień. W pracy opisano anatomię i fizjologię układu oreksynergicznego, jego powiązania z układem nagrody oraz badania przedkliniczne i kliniczne, dotyczące zmian w modulacji oreksynowej zachodzących u zwierząt i ludzi uzależnionych.

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Słowa kluczowe

oreksyny, uzależnienie, układ nagrody

Informacje o artykule
Tytuł

Rola oreksyn w patofizjologii uzależnień — podstawy teoretyczne i implikacje kliniczne

Czasopismo

Psychiatria

Numer

Tom 20, Nr 1 (2023)

Typ artykułu

Artykuł przeglądowy

Strony

22-35

Opublikowany online

2023-02-21

Wyświetlenia strony

513

Wyświetlenia/pobrania artykułu

77

DOI

10.5603/PSYCH.a2023.0001

Rekord bibliograficzny

Psychiatria 2023;20(1):22-35.

Słowa kluczowe

oreksyny
uzależnienie
układ nagrody

Autorzy

Miłosz Jan Gołyszny
Joanna Kidoń
Kinga Zorychta
Barbara Grabowska
Laura Smolik
Monika Stanek
Aleksandra Strach
Karolina Kopeć

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