Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and internet addiction in Iranian university students
Streszczenie
Introduction: The Internet and video games are major challenges in the modern world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between ADHD symptoms and video games and internet addiction. Material and methods: In 2018, 366 students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) were selected via the Yang Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) and asked about the amount of time they spent playing video games before filling out Conner’s questionnaire to assess for ADHD symptoms. Then, the association between videogame/internet addiction and ADHD was evaluated. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of study participants was 21.25 (2.14). Among total participants 34.7% were men and 65.3% were women. According to our results, the internet and video games addiction rates were more prominent among those who met the criteria for ADHD (relatively 94% and 87.5%). It was also recognized that 41.2% of the students were addicted to both the internet and video games. While 58.8% of people were addicted to the Internet but not to video games, 94.7% of people were just addicted to video games. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest a significant association between ADHD symptoms and video game/internet addiction. The higher rates of addiction observed among individuals with ADHD symptoms indicate a potential link between these phenomena. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms behind this association and to develop appropriate interventions for individuals at risk.
Słowa kluczowe: Internetvideo gamesaddictionADHDstudents
Referencje
- Murali V, George S. Lost online: an overview of internet addiction. Adv Psychiatric Treat. 2018; 13(1): 24–30.
- Young KS. Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the Internet: a case that breaks the stereotype. Psychol Rep. 1996; 79(3 Pt 1): 899–902.
- Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M, Weinstein AM, et al. Internet addiction or excessive internet use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010; 36(5): 277–283.
- Mohammadsalehi N, Mohammadbeigi A, Jadidi R, et al. Psychometric properties of the persian language version of yang internet addiction questionnaire: an explanatory factor analysis. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2015; 4(3): e21560.
- Mazhari S. Association between problematic Internet use and impulse control disorders among Iranian university students. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2012; 15(5): 270–273.
- Entertainment Software Association. Essential facts about the computer and video game industry. https://www.isfe.eu/sites/isfe.eu/files/attachments/esa_ef_2010.pdf (3.04.2023).
- Kahn MK. Report of the council on science and public health [Internet]. https://www.ama-assn.org/sites/ama-assn.org/files/corp/media-browser/public/about-ama/councils/Council%20Reports/council-on-science-public-health/a07-csaph-effects-video-games-internet.pdf (3.04.2023).
- Mathews CL, Morrell HER, Molle JE. Video game addiction, ADHD symptomatology, and video game reinforcement. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019; 45(1): 67–76.
- Breiter HC, Aharon I, Kahneman D, et al. Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron. 2001; 30(2): 619–639.
- Mathews CL, Morrell HER, Molle JE. Video game addiction, ADHD symptomatology, and video game reinforcement. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019; 45(1): 67–76.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Press Inc, Arlington 2013.
- Yoo HJ, Cho SC, Ha J, et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004; 58(5): 487–494.
- Regier DA, Narrow WE, Kuhl EA, et al. The conceptual development of DSM-V. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166(6): 645–650.
- Organization WH. ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics (2018). https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en (3.04.2023).
- Walls BD, Wallace ER, Brothers SL, et al. Utility of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale validity scales in identifying simulated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and random responding. Psychol Assess. 2017; 29(12): 1437–1446.
- Mokhtari H, Rabiei M, Salimi S. Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale — Persian Version. Iranian Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2015; 21(3): 244–253.
- von der Heiden JM, Braun B, Müller KW, et al. The association between video gaming and psychological functioning. Front Psychol. 2019; 10: 1731.
- Kietglaiwansiri T, Chonchaiya W. Pattern of video game use in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and typical development. Pediatr Int. 2018; 60(6): 523–528.
- Atwoli L, Owiti P, Manguro G, et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom self-report among medical students in Eldoret, Kenya. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 2011; 14(4): 286–289.
- Evren C, Evren B, Dalbudak E, et al. Relationships of Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorder symptom severities with probable attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, aggression and negative affect among university students. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2019; 11(4): 413–421.
- Sethi A, Voon V, Critchley HD, et al. A neurocomputational account of reward and novelty processing and effects of psychostimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain. 2018; 141(5): 1545–1557.
- Sampalo M, Lázaro E, Luna PM. Action video gaming and attention in young adults: a systematic review. J Atten Disord. 2023; 27(5): 530–538.
- Salerno L, Becheri L, Pallanti S. ADHD-gaming disorder comorbidity in children and adolescents: a narrative review. Children (Basel). 2022; 9(10).
