Tom 15, Nr 1 (2018)
Artykuł przeglądowy
Opublikowany online: 2018-03-28
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Depersonalizacja/derealizacja — zespół objawów czy odrębne zaburzenie?
Psychiatria 2018;15(1):26-34.
Streszczenie
Depersonalizacja bywa charakteryzowana, jako poczucie nierealności Ja i własnej osoby oraz stan otępienia emocjonalnego. Derealizację natomiast określa się, jako poczucie nierealności otoczenia i zmianę w jego doświadczaniu. W niniejszym artykule zostaje omówiony obecny stan wiedzy na temat podłoża neurobiologicznego, psychologicznego oraz leczenia depersonalizacji i derealizacji. Dodatkowo, autorzy opisują problemy, z jakimi muszą mierzyć się specjaliści, którzy chcą zajmować się omawianymi zaburzeniami. Wśród trudności, jakie napotykamy, należy wymienić m.in. współwystępowanie z innymi zaburzeniami, niewystarczająca wiedza pacjentów i lekarzy, trudności w opisie objawów, brak jasnych wytycznych, co do leczenia oraz nieznane podłoże psychologiczne i neurobiologiczne. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na potrzebę podjęcia zdecydowanych kroków w stronę lepszego poznania i pomagania osobom z zaburzeniem depersonalizacyjnym/derealizacyjnym, bo jak zostaje podkreślone, istnieje jasne oczekiwanie tego typu ze strony pacjentów. Pomimo napotykanych trudności, autorzy zauważają, że stan wiedzy stale się zwiększa, a depersonalizacja i derealizacja spotyka się z coraz większym zainteresowaniem ze strony specjalistów. Skutkuje to pojawieniem się nowych, budzących nadzieję metod leczenia takich jak rTMS, terapia poznawczo-behawioralna depersonalizacji czy antagoniści opioidowi, jednakże wymagają one dalszych badań
Słowa kluczowe: depersonalizacjaderealizacjazaburzenie depersonalizacyjne/derealizacyjnezespół depersonalizacji/derealizacji
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