Background: Well designed cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programmes appear to be generally applicable and
effective in reducing exposure to risk factors and the incidence of disease. However, introducing them broadly into clinical
practice would have a significant impact on the healthcare budget, and requires careful consideration.

Aim: The purpose of this health economic analysis was to assess the potential cost-effectiveness of the model nurse-led,
comprehensive CVD primary prevention programme which was prepared and introduced in the EUROACTION project, in
high-risk patients in Poland.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to assess the long-term costs of preventive intervention. The health states modelled
were: event-free (all patients at the beginning of observation), stable angina first year, acute myocardial infarction, stable angina
subsequent year, myocardial infarction subsequent year, CVD death, and other causes of death. Health benefits from the
reduction in risk factors were estimated based on Framingham risk function assuming the probability of defined health states
according to British registers. The time horizon of the analysis was ten years, and one Markov cycle length was one year. The
analysis was prepared from the healthcare payer’s perspective. A willingness to pay threshold of three gross domestic product
(GDP) per capita / quality-adjusted life years (QALY) was used. Univariate sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results were
presented as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) expressed as an incremental cost per QALY.

Results: In Poland, EUROACTION intervention resulted mainly in reductions in the prevalence of smoking (by 14%) and high
blood pressure (by 7%). Intervention on other risk factors, including blood lipids, was found to be less effective. Estimated
ICERs were 19,524 PLN for men and 82,262 PLN for women. The programme was even more cost-effective in smokers i.e.
estimated ICERs were 12,377 PLN in men and 53,471 PLN in women. The results were most sensitive to variations in health
states utilities and cost value range as well as the duration of treatment effect.
Conclusions: The model nurse-led, comprehensive CVD primary prevention programme developed in the EUROACTION
project appears to be potentially highly cost-effective for high-risk male patients in Poland (below 1 GDP per capita per QALY).
For women, the cost-effectiveness was less but still below the acceptable threshold (below three GDP per capita per QALY),
although the sensitivity analysis showed that results were a subject of some uncertainty.