The influence of chosen adipocytokines on blood pressure values in patients with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background: Adipocytes are hormonally active molecules modulating biochemical processes on-going in human organism. Visceral fat tissue is the source of many important substances, such as: adiponectin, TNF-α, resistin and many others. However, their role has not been fully elucidated.
Aim: 1. To measure the concentrations of adiponectin, soluble receptors for TNF-α, and resistin in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). 2. To investigate the correlations between chosen adipocytokines and hypertension.
Methods: The study included 85 patients with MetS, diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria from 2005, and 20 healthy volunteers as control subjects. In both groups, anthropological parameters (body mass index and waist circumference) and concentrations of adiponectin, soluble receptors for TNF-α and resistin were assessed. To measure adiponectin levels, radioimmunological and immunoenzymatic assays (sTNFR1, sTNFR2, and resistin) were employed.
Results: Concentration of adiponectin was markedly lower in patients with MetS compared to the control group (10.892 ± 10.440 vs. 19.307 ± 19.370 μg/mL, p < 0.001). In patients with MetS, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 concentrations were significantly elevated and resistin level was significantly higher compared to control subjects (25.865 ± 25.8 vs. 9.60 ± 9.915 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Negative correlations between adiponectin and the values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Rp = 0.2898, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Rp = 0.2724, p < 0.001) were observed. Positive correlations between sTNFR2 and SBP (Rp = 0.450, p < 0.001) and DBP (Rp = 0.4695, p < 0.001) values were found. Resistin levels correlated positively with SBP (Rp = 0.5154, p < 0.001) and DBP (Rp = 0.5613, p < 0.001) values. In multiple regression model, the association of SBP with resistin level was observed in 32% of studied patients.
Conclusions: 1. Patients with MetS are characterised by following disturbances: hypo-adiponectinaemia, elevated concentrations of soluble receptors for TNF-α, and hyperresistinaemia. 2. Elevated concentration of resistin may play a role in the development of high blood pressure.