Vol 70, No 2 (2012)
Original articles
Published online: 2012-02-17
The relevance of junctional rhythm during neurocardiogenic reaction provoked by tilt testing
DOI: 10.33963/v.kp.79026
Kardiol Pol 2012;70(2):148-155.
Abstract
Background: During neurocardiogenic reaction provoked by tilt testing (TT), different arrhythmias such as sinus bradycardia,
sinus arrest, atrioventricular block or junctional rhythm or beats (JR) may occur. The characteristics of the JR during neurocardiogenic
reaction have not yet been systematically assessed. It is not known whether the presence of JR during neurocardiogenic
reaction is related to clinical characteristics of syncopal patients or the outcome of TT.
Aim: To assess whether clinical outcome of TT and clinical data are related to the presence of JR during TT.
Methods: The study group consisted of 532 patients aged 43.3 ± 18.2 years with positive TT, divided into four groups on the basis of the presence of JR and/or a ventricular pause (VP) during neurocardiogenic reaction: group VP(–)/JR(+) — JR present and VP absent, group VP(+)/JR(+) — both JR and VP present, group VP(+)/JR(–) — JR absent and VP present, and group VP(–)/JR(–) — both JR and VP absent. The control group consisted of 53 patients with no history of syncope or presyncope, including 46 patients with negative TT and seven patients with false positive TT.
Results: Total loss of consciousness during TT occurred in group VP(–)/JR(+) less frequently than in groups VP(+)/JR(+) and VP(+)/JR(–), and more frequently than in group VP(–)/JR(–) (80% vs 96% vs 94% vs 62%; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Group VP(–)/JR(+) was significantly younger than group VP(–)/JR(–) (37.3 ± 16.3 years vs 45.8 ± 18.9 years; p < 0.05) and had a lower number of syncopal events than group VP(+)/JR(+) and VP(+)/JR(–) (median [IQ]: 2.5 (1–6) vs 4 (2–12) and 4 (2–10), respectively; p < 0.05) and lower rate of traumatic injuries than group VP(+)/JR(+) and VP(+)/JR(–) (22% vs 45% and 39%, respectively; p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of JR was associated with younger age, male gender, history of blood-instrumentation-injection phobia and higher number of syncopal spells in medical history. The ROC curve analysis revealed that a junctional rate of no more than 49 bpm was related to the total loss of consciousness during TT (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: 1. JR frequently occurs during positive TT and in no subjects with negative TT. 2. Among patients with JR, two groups may be chosen on the basis of a VP occurrence, and these groups differ in respect to clinical characteristics and TT outcome. 3. Relatively rapid JR without VP is related to consciousness preservation during neurocardiogenic reaction at TT and fewer syncopal spells as well as syncope associated with injury in the past. 4. In patients with JR and VP, the JR is slower, of shorter duration, and more frequently single or pairs of junctional beats occur, which indicates high parasympathetic activity, whereas relatively rapid and stable JR may be the symptom of simultaneously increased sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
Aim: To assess whether clinical outcome of TT and clinical data are related to the presence of JR during TT.
Methods: The study group consisted of 532 patients aged 43.3 ± 18.2 years with positive TT, divided into four groups on the basis of the presence of JR and/or a ventricular pause (VP) during neurocardiogenic reaction: group VP(–)/JR(+) — JR present and VP absent, group VP(+)/JR(+) — both JR and VP present, group VP(+)/JR(–) — JR absent and VP present, and group VP(–)/JR(–) — both JR and VP absent. The control group consisted of 53 patients with no history of syncope or presyncope, including 46 patients with negative TT and seven patients with false positive TT.
Results: Total loss of consciousness during TT occurred in group VP(–)/JR(+) less frequently than in groups VP(+)/JR(+) and VP(+)/JR(–), and more frequently than in group VP(–)/JR(–) (80% vs 96% vs 94% vs 62%; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Group VP(–)/JR(+) was significantly younger than group VP(–)/JR(–) (37.3 ± 16.3 years vs 45.8 ± 18.9 years; p < 0.05) and had a lower number of syncopal events than group VP(+)/JR(+) and VP(+)/JR(–) (median [IQ]: 2.5 (1–6) vs 4 (2–12) and 4 (2–10), respectively; p < 0.05) and lower rate of traumatic injuries than group VP(+)/JR(+) and VP(+)/JR(–) (22% vs 45% and 39%, respectively; p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of JR was associated with younger age, male gender, history of blood-instrumentation-injection phobia and higher number of syncopal spells in medical history. The ROC curve analysis revealed that a junctional rate of no more than 49 bpm was related to the total loss of consciousness during TT (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: 1. JR frequently occurs during positive TT and in no subjects with negative TT. 2. Among patients with JR, two groups may be chosen on the basis of a VP occurrence, and these groups differ in respect to clinical characteristics and TT outcome. 3. Relatively rapid JR without VP is related to consciousness preservation during neurocardiogenic reaction at TT and fewer syncopal spells as well as syncope associated with injury in the past. 4. In patients with JR and VP, the JR is slower, of shorter duration, and more frequently single or pairs of junctional beats occur, which indicates high parasympathetic activity, whereas relatively rapid and stable JR may be the symptom of simultaneously increased sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
Keywords: vasovagal syncopejunctional rhythm during neurocardiogenic reaction provoked by tilt testing
