Multimedialna platforma wiedzy medycznej Internetowa Księgarnia Medyczna Kalendarium Konferencji
Ophthalmology Journal
MENU
Shortcuts Submit an article Author Guidelines Ahead Of Print

open access

Vol 7 (2022): Continuous Publishing
Review paper
Published online: 2022-09-05
View PDF Download PDF file View HTML
Get Citation

Spectacles and orthokeratology lenses as non‑operative management in myopia: a brief review

Itzar Chaidir Islam1, Najmatuzzahra Kamaluddin12, Widya Natasya Asa'ad13, Annisa Mutmainnah Arifuddin45, Nurhasanah Marsudin6, Hikmatul Inayah Mudassir6, Nursyamsi Ahmad7
DOI: 10.5603/OJ.2022.0018
·
Ophthalmol J 2022;7:109-113.
Affiliations
  1. Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
  2. Datu Pancaitana Hospital, Watampone, Indonesia
  3. Primaya Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia
  4. Baruga Primary Health Center, Bantaeng, Indonesia
  5. Medical Faculty, Muslim Indonesia University, Makassar, Indonesia
  6. Medical Youth Research Club, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
  7. Medical Youth Research Club, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

open access

Vol 7 (2022): Continuous Publishing
REVIEW
Published online: 2022-09-05

Abstract

Myopia or nearsightedness is a condition caused by inaccurate light rays being perceived on the retina. It is caused by elongation of the eyeball and increased curvature of the cornea. In myopia, parallel light rays entering the eye are not focusing on the retina. Spectacles lens and orthokeratology therapy were two treatments option for myopia. This literature review aims to compare two non-operative treatment options in myopia cases, especially the spectacles lens glasses and orthokeratology, including the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.

The literature search in this review was carried out using Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with three main
keywords: myopia, perifocal lens, and orthokeratology. Fifty articles were obtained as references. Highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) of spectacles lens showed a positive effect on reducing low contrast visual acuity. Unfortunately, lens decentration could occur in spectacles lens users, resulting in an induced prismatic effect in the future. Besides, wearing an orthokeratology lens significantly affects the central corneal zone flattening and increases the relative corneal refractive power (RCRP). However, if the user stops using orthokeratology lenses, the cornea could be returned to its original shape within a few days.

Conclusion: Spectacles lens and Orthokeratology have some benefits and limitations in preventing myopia progression.
Therapy selection must continue to be individualized for each patient to enhance recovery outcomes.

Abstract

Myopia or nearsightedness is a condition caused by inaccurate light rays being perceived on the retina. It is caused by elongation of the eyeball and increased curvature of the cornea. In myopia, parallel light rays entering the eye are not focusing on the retina. Spectacles lens and orthokeratology therapy were two treatments option for myopia. This literature review aims to compare two non-operative treatment options in myopia cases, especially the spectacles lens glasses and orthokeratology, including the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy.

The literature search in this review was carried out using Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with three main
keywords: myopia, perifocal lens, and orthokeratology. Fifty articles were obtained as references. Highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) of spectacles lens showed a positive effect on reducing low contrast visual acuity. Unfortunately, lens decentration could occur in spectacles lens users, resulting in an induced prismatic effect in the future. Besides, wearing an orthokeratology lens significantly affects the central corneal zone flattening and increases the relative corneal refractive power (RCRP). However, if the user stops using orthokeratology lenses, the cornea could be returned to its original shape within a few days.

Conclusion: Spectacles lens and Orthokeratology have some benefits and limitations in preventing myopia progression.
Therapy selection must continue to be individualized for each patient to enhance recovery outcomes.

Full Text:

View PDF Download PDF file View HTML
Get Citation

Keywords

spectacles lens; orthokeratology; myopia

About this article
Title

Spectacles and orthokeratology lenses as non‑operative management in myopia: a brief review

Journal

Ophthalmology Journal

Issue

Vol 7 (2022): Continuous Publishing

Article type

Review paper

Pages

109-113

Published online

2022-09-05

Page views

3877

Article views/downloads

457

DOI

10.5603/OJ.2022.0018

Bibliographic record

Ophthalmol J 2022;7:109-113.

Keywords

spectacles lens
orthokeratology
myopia

Authors

Itzar Chaidir Islam
Najmatuzzahra Kamaluddin
Widya Natasya Asa'ad
Annisa Mutmainnah Arifuddin
Nurhasanah Marsudin
Hikmatul Inayah Mudassir
Nursyamsi Ahmad

References (53)
  1. Fredrick DR, Fredrick DR. Myopia: was mother right about reading in the dark? Br J Ophthalmol. 2001; 85(5): 509–510.
    CrossRefPubMed
  2. Bullimore MA, Ritchey ER, Shah S, et al. The Risks and Benefits of Myopia Control. Ophthalmology. 2021; 128(11): 1561–1579.
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. Gurnani B, Kaur K, Kannusamy V. Myopia: Current concepts and review of literature. TNOA J Ophthal Sci Res. 2020; 58(4): 280.
    CrossRef
  4. de Jong PT. Myopia: its historical contexts. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018; 102(8): 1021–1027.
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. Ohno-Matsui K, Kawasaki R, Jonas JB, et al. META-analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) Study Group. International photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015; 159(5): 877–83.e7.
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. Sun JT, An M, Yan XBo, et al. Prevalence and Related Factors for Myopia in School-Aged Children in Qingdao. J Ophthalmol. 2018; 2018: 9781987.
    CrossRefPubMed
  7. Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123(5): 1036–1042.
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. Chiang WY, Chen YW, Liu YP, et al. Early Age of the First Myopic Spectacle Prescription, as an Indicator of Early Onset of Myopia, Is a Risk Factor for High Myopia in Adulthood. J Ophthalmol. 2021; 2021: 6612116.
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. Meng W, Butterworth J, Malecaze F, et al. Axial length of myopia: a review of current research. Ophthalmologica. 2011; 225(3): 127–134.
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. Wang B, Naidu RK, Qu X. Factors related to axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology practice. PLoS One. 2017; 12(4): e0175913.
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. Yotsukura E, Torii H, Ozawa H, et al. Axial Length and Prevalence of Myopia among Schoolchildren in the Equatorial Region of Brazil. J Clin Med. 2020; 10(1).
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. Morgan IG, French AN, Rose KA. Risk factors for myopia: Putting causal pathways into a social context. In: Ang M, Wong TY. ed. Updates on Myopia: A Clinical Perspective. Springer 2020: 133–170.
  13. Yotsukura E, Torii H, Inokuchi M, et al. Current Prevalence of Myopia and Association of Myopia With Environmental Factors Among Schoolchildren in Japan. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019; 137(11): 1233–1239.
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. Jonas JB, Ang M, Cho P, et al. IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021; 62(5): 6.
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. Cao K, Wan Y, Yusufu M, et al. Significance of Outdoor Time for Myopia Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. Ophthalmic Res. 2020; 63(2): 97–105.
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. Cho P, Tan Qi. Myopia and orthokeratology for myopia control. Clin Exp Optom. 2019; 102(4): 364–377.
    CrossRefPubMed
  17. Bullimore MA, Richdale K. Myopia Control 2020: Where are we and where are we heading? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2020; 40(3): 254–270.
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. Cai XB, Shen SR, Chen DF, et al. An overview of myopia genetics. Exp Eye Res. 2019; 188: 107778.
    CrossRefPubMed
  19. Wong CW, Ang M. Updates on myopia: A clinical perspective. Springer 2020: 1–305.
  20. Ikuno Y. Overview of the complications of high myopia. Retina. 2017; 37(12): 2347–2351.
    CrossRefPubMed
  21. Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P, Tsubota K, et al. A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020; 20(1): 27.
    CrossRefPubMed
  22. Ostrow GI, Kirkeby L. Myopia — EyeWiki. American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2018.
  23. Cooper J, Tkatchenko AV. A Review of Current Concepts of the Etiology and Treatment of Myopia. Eye Contact Lens. 2018; 44(4): 231–247.
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. Verkicharla PK, Kammari P, Das AV. Myopia progression varies with age and severity of myopia. PLoS One. 2020; 15(11): e0241759.
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. Pugazhendhi S, Ambati B, Hunter AA. Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020; 14: 853–873.
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. Tideman JW, Snabel MCC, Tedja MS, et al. Association of Axial Length With Risk of Uncorrectable Visual Impairment for Europeans With Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016; 134(12): 1355–1363.
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. Muhiddin HS, Mayasari AR, Umar BT, et al. Choroidal Thickness in Correlation with Axial Length and Myopia Degree. Vision (Basel). 2022; 6(1).
    CrossRefPubMed
  28. Mendoza-Villegas PG. Measurement of spectacle lenses: A review. Opt Pura y Apl. 2014; 47(2): 145–162.
    CrossRef
  29. Manika M, Wadhwani M. Spectacles Lens Materials and their Special Coatings at a Glance. Acta Sci Ophthalmol. 2021; 4(4): 81–4.
  30. Leung TW, Li RWH, Kee CS. Blue-Light Filtering Spectacle Lenses: Optical and Clinical Performances. PLoS One. 2017; 12(1): e0169114.
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. Husna H, Yulianti A. Lens decentration of spectacle wearers. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2019.
    CrossRef
  32. Jalie M. Modern spectacle lens design. Clin Exp Optom. 2020; 103(1): 3–10.
    CrossRefPubMed
  33. Tarutta EP, Tarasova NA, Proskurina OV, et al. Peripheral defocus of myopic eyes corrected with Perifocal-M glasses, monofocal glasses, and soft contact lenses. Russ Ophthalmol J. 2018; 11(4): 36–42.
    CrossRef
  34. Hasebe S, Jun J, Varnas SR. Myopia control with positively aspherized progressive addition lenses: a 2-year, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014; 55(11): 7177–7188.
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. Sankaridurg P, Donovan L, Varnas S, et al. Spectacle lenses designed to reduce progression of myopia: 12-month results. Optom Vis Sci. 2010; 87(9): 631–641.
    CrossRefPubMed
  36. Bao J, Yang A, Huang Y, et al. One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets. Br J Ophthalmol. 2022; 106(8): 1171–1176.
    CrossRefPubMed
  37. Gao Yi, Lim EeW, Yang A, et al. The impact of spectacle lenses for myopia control on visual functions. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2021; 41(6): 1320–1331.
    CrossRefPubMed
  38. Kang P, Maseedupally V, Gifford P, et al. Predicting corneal refractive power changes after orthokeratology. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1): 16681.
    CrossRefPubMed
  39. Wang J, Yang D, Bi H, et al. A New Method to Analyze the Relative Corneal Refractive Power and Its Association to Myopic Progression Control With Orthokeratology. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2018; 7(6): 17.
    CrossRefPubMed
  40. VanderVeen DK, Kraker RT, Pineles SL, et al. Use of Orthokeratology for the Prevention of Myopic Progression in Children: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2019; 126(4): 623–636.
    CrossRefPubMed
  41. Carracedo G, Espinosa-Vidal TM, Martínez-Alberquilla I, et al. The Topographical Effect of Optical Zone Diameter in Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in High Myopes. J Ophthalmol. 2019; 2019: 1082472.
    CrossRefPubMed
  42. Wang A, Yang C. Influence of Overnight Orthokeratology Lens Treatment Zone Decentration on Myopia Progression. J Ophthalmol. 2019; 2019: 2596953.
    CrossRefPubMed
  43. Kong QH, Du XY, Li X, et al. Effects of orthokeratology on biological parameters and visual quality of adolescents with low-grade corneal astigmatism myopia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020; 24(23): 12009–12015.
    CrossRefPubMed
  44. Ghatsila O. Modern Orthokeratology — a Review. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2018; 17(3): 18–24.
  45. Lipson MJ, Brooks MM, Koffler BH. The Role of Orthokeratology in Myopia Control: A Review. Eye Contact Lens. 2018; 44(4): 224–230.
    CrossRefPubMed
  46. Santodomingo-Rubido J, Villa-Collar C, Gilmartin B, et al. Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain: refractive and biometric changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012; 53(8): 5060–5065.
    CrossRefPubMed
  47. Chan B, Cho P, Cheung SW, et al. Practice of orthokeratology by a group of contact lens practitioners in Hong Kong. Part 2: orthokeratology lenses. Clin Exp Optom. 2003; 86(1): 42–46.
    CrossRefPubMed
  48. Ms JC, Weibel K, Borukhov G. Use of Atropine to Slow the Progression of Myopia: A Literature Review and Guidelines for Clinical Use. Vis Dev Rehab. 2018: 12–28.
    CrossRef
  49. Charm J. Orthokeratology: clinical utility and patient perspectives. Clin Optom (Auckl). 2017; 9: 33–40.
    CrossRefPubMed
  50. Bullimore MA, Johnson LA. Overnight orthokeratology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2020; 43(4): 322–332.
    CrossRefPubMed
  51. Kumar K, Optom DM. Review article of orthokeratology. World J Pharm Med Res. 2020; 6(6): 130–1.
  52. Schallhorn SC, Venter JA, Hannan SJ, et al. Effect of postoperative keratometry on quality of vision in the postoperative period after myopic wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015; 41(12): 2715–2723.
    CrossRefPubMed
  53. Van Der Worp E, Ruston D. Orthokeratology: An Update. Optom Pract. 2006; 7: 47–60.

Regulations

Important: This website uses cookies. More >>

The cookies allow us to identify your computer and find out details about your last visit. They remembering whether you've visited the site before, so that you remain logged in - or to help us work out how many new website visitors we get each month. Most internet browsers accept cookies automatically, but you can change the settings of your browser to erase cookies or prevent automatic acceptance if you prefer.

Publisher: VM Media Group sp. z o.o., Grupa Via Medica, 73 Świętokrzyska St., 80–180 Gdańsk

tel.:+48 58 310 94 94, faks:+48 58 320 94 60, e-mail: viamedica@viamedica.pl