Szczepienia przeciw grypie u chorych na nowotwory lite
Streszczenie
Nowotwory lite stanowią około 70% ogółu nowotworów. Grupa ta jest niejednorodna pod względem nie tylko rodzaju i zaawansowania nowotworu, ale także wieku zachorowania, sposobu leczenia czy obecności chorób współistniejących. Dane dotyczące skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa szczepień przeciw grypie u chorych na nowotwory pochodzą z badań obserwacyjnych i kohortowych. U chorych na nowotwory zaleca się zastosowanie inaktywowanej szczepionki, odpowiedniej do wieku i stanu ogólnego. Nie ma jednoznacznych wskazań do rutynowego stosowania w tej grupie szczepionek z adiuwantem lub wysokodawkowych, z wyjątkiem osób powyżej 65. rż. Optymalny czas szczepienia chorych otrzymujących chemioterapię i immunoterapię nie jest znany. Przed sezonem grypowym najlepiej jest przeprowadzić szczepienie co najmniej 2 tygodnie przed rozpoczęciem leczenia systemowego. Jeśli nie ma takiej możliwości, szczepionkę można podać pomiędzy cyklami leczenia, do 7. dnia po cyklu chemioterapii, czyli przed nadirem hematologicznym. Szczepionki przeciw grypie zapewniają czynne uodpornienie przeciw czterem szczepom wirusa (dwa podtypy A i dwa typy B). Na półkuli północnej (w tym w Polsce) w celu osiągnięcia odpowiedniej odporności w okresie sezonowej grypy szczepienia prowadzi się od połowy września. Szczepienia przeciw grypie u chorych na nowotwory lite nie zwiększają ryzyka zdarzeń niepożądanych i powinny być zalecane w profilaktyce tego zakażenia.
Słowa kluczowe: grypaszczepienia przeciw grypienowotwory
Referencje
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