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Vol 57, No 1 (2023)
Review Article
Submitted: 2023-01-09
Accepted: 2023-02-14
Published online: 2023-02-20
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SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism and other possible causes of olfactory disorders in COVID-19

Paweł Sowa1, Adam Dadok1, Monika Adamczyk-Sowa2
DOI: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2023.0013
·
Pubmed: 36805466
·
Neurol Neurochir Pol 2023;57(1):36-42.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
  2. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland

open access

Vol 57, No 1 (2023)
REVIEW ARTICLES — LEADING TOPIC
Submitted: 2023-01-09
Accepted: 2023-02-14
Published online: 2023-02-20

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious respiratory disease (AIRD) caused by infection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first cases were diagnosed and reported in Wuhan, central China, in November 2019. The disease initially occurred locally. However, the number of infected individuals increased dynamically and spread worldwide. The most common symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection include malaise, fever, dry cough and dyspnoea. Over time, reports of new COVID-19 symptoms included taste and smell disorders. A potential cause of these disorders is related to neurotropism, i.e. the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to the nervous system. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is essential in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The receptor is found in many tissues and organs, including the olfactory epithelium, neurons and neuroglial cells. Another potential cause is neuroinvasiveness, i.e. the ability of the virus to invade the central nervous system, and thereby damage its structures. As a result, olfactory disorders may occur. Other concepts, such as the inflammatory response of the body and the concept of stroke or damage to olfactory supporting cells, are also considered.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious respiratory disease (AIRD) caused by infection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first cases were diagnosed and reported in Wuhan, central China, in November 2019. The disease initially occurred locally. However, the number of infected individuals increased dynamically and spread worldwide. The most common symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection include malaise, fever, dry cough and dyspnoea. Over time, reports of new COVID-19 symptoms included taste and smell disorders. A potential cause of these disorders is related to neurotropism, i.e. the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to the nervous system. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is essential in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The receptor is found in many tissues and organs, including the olfactory epithelium, neurons and neuroglial cells. Another potential cause is neuroinvasiveness, i.e. the ability of the virus to invade the central nervous system, and thereby damage its structures. As a result, olfactory disorders may occur. Other concepts, such as the inflammatory response of the body and the concept of stroke or damage to olfactory supporting cells, are also considered.

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Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, smell, taste, coronavirus, neurotropic

About this article
Title

SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism and other possible causes of olfactory disorders in COVID-19

Journal

Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska

Issue

Vol 57, No 1 (2023)

Article type

Review Article

Pages

36-42

Published online

2023-02-20

Page views

2717

Article views/downloads

507

DOI

10.5603/PJNNS.a2023.0013

Pubmed

36805466

Bibliographic record

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2023;57(1):36-42.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
smell
taste
coronavirus
neurotropic

Authors

Paweł Sowa
Adam Dadok
Monika Adamczyk-Sowa

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