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Vol 57, No 1 (2023)
Review Article
Submitted: 2022-12-07
Accepted: 2023-01-30
Published online: 2023-02-16
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COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system — an update

Natalia Morawiec1, Bożena Adamczyk1, Monika Adamczyk-Sowa1
DOI: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2023.0008
·
Pubmed: 36799522
·
Neurol Neurochir Pol 2023;57(1):77-89.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland

open access

Vol 57, No 1 (2023)
REVIEW ARTICLES — LEADING TOPIC
Submitted: 2022-12-07
Accepted: 2023-01-30
Published online: 2023-02-16

Abstract

Introduction. Due to a similar pathomechanism, COVID-19 infection may significantly affect the course of autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In our review, we aimed to assess the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, response to treatment, and the impact of COVID-19 infection on the course of the underlying disease in patients with neuroimmune diseases.

State of the art. In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important to determine the influence of COVID-19 infection on the course of autoimmune diseases due to the weakened immune system and immunosuppressive therapies.

Clinical implications. Many reports have indicated that in patients with AIDs, the existence of the disease is not associated with a worse prognosis in the course of the viral infection. Patients in advanced stages of the disease, elderly patients, and those with comorbidities are at risk of more frequent hospitalisations and higher mortality in the course of COVID-19. Moreover, some drugs used in AIDs have been tested for their efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Episodes of newly diagnosed myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) secondary to COVID-19 or vaccination have also been reported. Vaccination against this pathogen is highly recommended in most patients with AIDs.

Future directions. Despite many studies on the association between COVID-19 and neuroimmune diseases, more specific data is needed. The approach to patients with AIDs should be individual, since many issues remain unresolved despite the long-lasting pandemic.

Abstract

Introduction. Due to a similar pathomechanism, COVID-19 infection may significantly affect the course of autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In our review, we aimed to assess the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, response to treatment, and the impact of COVID-19 infection on the course of the underlying disease in patients with neuroimmune diseases.

State of the art. In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important to determine the influence of COVID-19 infection on the course of autoimmune diseases due to the weakened immune system and immunosuppressive therapies.

Clinical implications. Many reports have indicated that in patients with AIDs, the existence of the disease is not associated with a worse prognosis in the course of the viral infection. Patients in advanced stages of the disease, elderly patients, and those with comorbidities are at risk of more frequent hospitalisations and higher mortality in the course of COVID-19. Moreover, some drugs used in AIDs have been tested for their efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Episodes of newly diagnosed myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) secondary to COVID-19 or vaccination have also been reported. Vaccination against this pathogen is highly recommended in most patients with AIDs.

Future directions. Despite many studies on the association between COVID-19 and neuroimmune diseases, more specific data is needed. The approach to patients with AIDs should be individual, since many issues remain unresolved despite the long-lasting pandemic.

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Keywords

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, AIDs, neuroimmune diseases

About this article
Title

COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system — an update

Journal

Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska

Issue

Vol 57, No 1 (2023)

Article type

Review Article

Pages

77-89

Published online

2023-02-16

Page views

3504

Article views/downloads

1032

DOI

10.5603/PJNNS.a2023.0008

Pubmed

36799522

Bibliographic record

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2023;57(1):77-89.

Keywords

COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
AIDs
neuroimmune diseases

Authors

Natalia Morawiec
Bożena Adamczyk
Monika Adamczyk-Sowa

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