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Vol 54, No 6 (2020)
Research Paper
Submitted: 2020-08-10
Accepted: 2020-10-14
Published online: 2020-11-30
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Thymoquinone ameliorates delayed cerebral injury and cerebral vasospasm secondary to experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage

Enes Akkaya1, Şevket Evran2, Fatih Çalış3, Serdar Çevik4, Salim Katar5, Ersin Karataş6, Abdurrahim Koçyiğit6, Mustafa Yasin Sağlam7, Mustafa Aziz Hatiboğlu6, Hakan Hanımoğlu8, Mehmet Yaşar Kaynar9
DOI: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2020.0090
·
Pubmed: 33252137
·
Neurol Neurochir Pol 2020;54(6):576-584.
Affiliations
  1. Neurosurgery Department of Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul /Turkey, İstanbul, Türkiye
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul
  3. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  4. memorial sisli hospital, department of neurosurgery
  5. department of neurosurgery, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine
  6. Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
  7. Department of Pathology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Education and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  8. Biruni University Hospital, Eski Londra Asfalti, No:10 Besyol/Kucukcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Türkiye
  9. Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery

open access

Vol 54, No 6 (2020)
Research papers
Submitted: 2020-08-10
Accepted: 2020-10-14
Published online: 2020-11-30

Abstract

Aim of the study. Among subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients, delayed cerebral injury (DCI) and infarction are the most important causes of death and major disability. Cerebral vasospasm (cVS) and DCI remain the major cause of death and disability. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the substance most responsible for the biological activity of nigella sativa (NS) and is useful in the treatment of ischaemic and neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress, inflammatory events, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. We conducted an experimental study aimed to investigate the preventive and corrective effects of TQ.

Materials and methods. 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first was the control group which was a sham surgery group. The second group was the SAH group where the double haemorrage SAH protocol was used to induce vasospasm. The third group was the SAH+TQ group, where cVS was induced by the SAH protocol and the animals received oral 2 cc thymoquinone solution for seven days at a dose of 10 mg/kg, after the induction of SAH. The rats were euthanised seven days after the first procedure. The degree of cerebral vasospasm was evaluated by measuring the basilar artery luminal area and arterial wall thickness. Apoptosis was measured by the western blot method at brainstem neural tissue. Oxidative stress was measured by the Erel Method. Endothelin-1 was measured with ELISA analysis at blood. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results. Endothelin-1 values were found to be statistically significantly lower in the control and SAH+TQ groups compared to the SAH group (P < 0.001). Mean lumen area values were significantly higher in the control and SAH+TQ groups than in the SAH group (P < 0.001). In the control and SAH+TQ groups, wall thickness values decreased significantly compared to the SAH group (P < 0.001). OSI values were significantly lower in the control and SAH+TQ groups than in the SAH group (P < 0.001). Apoptosis was significantly lower in the control and SAH+TQ groups than in the SAH group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion. Our results show that post-SAH TQ inhibits/improves DCI and cVS with positive effects on oxidative stress, apoptosis, ET-1, lumen area, and vessel wall thickness, probably due to its anti-ischaemic, antispasmodic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects.

Abstract

Aim of the study. Among subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients, delayed cerebral injury (DCI) and infarction are the most important causes of death and major disability. Cerebral vasospasm (cVS) and DCI remain the major cause of death and disability. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the substance most responsible for the biological activity of nigella sativa (NS) and is useful in the treatment of ischaemic and neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress, inflammatory events, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. We conducted an experimental study aimed to investigate the preventive and corrective effects of TQ.

Materials and methods. 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first was the control group which was a sham surgery group. The second group was the SAH group where the double haemorrage SAH protocol was used to induce vasospasm. The third group was the SAH+TQ group, where cVS was induced by the SAH protocol and the animals received oral 2 cc thymoquinone solution for seven days at a dose of 10 mg/kg, after the induction of SAH. The rats were euthanised seven days after the first procedure. The degree of cerebral vasospasm was evaluated by measuring the basilar artery luminal area and arterial wall thickness. Apoptosis was measured by the western blot method at brainstem neural tissue. Oxidative stress was measured by the Erel Method. Endothelin-1 was measured with ELISA analysis at blood. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results. Endothelin-1 values were found to be statistically significantly lower in the control and SAH+TQ groups compared to the SAH group (P < 0.001). Mean lumen area values were significantly higher in the control and SAH+TQ groups than in the SAH group (P < 0.001). In the control and SAH+TQ groups, wall thickness values decreased significantly compared to the SAH group (P < 0.001). OSI values were significantly lower in the control and SAH+TQ groups than in the SAH group (P < 0.001). Apoptosis was significantly lower in the control and SAH+TQ groups than in the SAH group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion. Our results show that post-SAH TQ inhibits/improves DCI and cVS with positive effects on oxidative stress, apoptosis, ET-1, lumen area, and vessel wall thickness, probably due to its anti-ischaemic, antispasmodic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects.

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Keywords

aneurysm, thymoquinone, oxidative stress, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral injury

About this article
Title

Thymoquinone ameliorates delayed cerebral injury and cerebral vasospasm secondary to experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage

Journal

Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska

Issue

Vol 54, No 6 (2020)

Article type

Research Paper

Pages

576-584

Published online

2020-11-30

Page views

1501

Article views/downloads

735

DOI

10.5603/PJNNS.a2020.0090

Pubmed

33252137

Bibliographic record

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2020;54(6):576-584.

Keywords

aneurysm
thymoquinone
oxidative stress
subarachnoid haemorrhage
cerebral vasospasm
delayed cerebral injury

Authors

Enes Akkaya
Şevket Evran
Fatih Çalış
Serdar Çevik
Salim Katar
Ersin Karataş
Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
Mustafa Yasin Sağlam
Mustafa Aziz Hatiboğlu
Hakan Hanımoğlu
Mehmet Yaşar Kaynar

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