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Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in a seafarer: an omitted problem of maritime medicine
Affiliations- University Centre of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Gdynia, Poland
- Department of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), despite the implementation of extensive preventive measures, has
remained one of the biggest health problems worldwide. There are still people not covered by the compulsory
vaccination programme and carriers of an actively replicating virus among professionally active
seafarers. The article is based on a case report of a seafarer with life-threatening reactivation of long-term
uncontrolled HBV infection that resulted in decompensated cirrhosis and liver transplant. The case shows
clinical aspects of chronic hepatitis B and contributes to discussion about HBV infection with regard to
seafarers. The article also analyses the current legal regulations and guidelines in terms of preventing
new infections and detecting people already infected with HBV. Considering the specific nature of work
on seagoing ships, it is justified to recognise the seafaring as a profession with a high risk of HBV infection.
Monitoring the course of the disease can prevent reactivation of inflammatory process and serious
consequences of chronic hepatitis B during a cruise. The elementary issue is specific prophylaxis, that is,
covering the unvaccinated persons with the vaccination programme. The prevalence of HBV infection and
the specifics of the seafarer labour market require development of new international regulations, which
will unify Pre-Employment Medical Examination (PEME) protocols and take into consideration compulsory
vaccination.
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), despite the implementation of extensive preventive measures, has
remained one of the biggest health problems worldwide. There are still people not covered by the compulsory
vaccination programme and carriers of an actively replicating virus among professionally active
seafarers. The article is based on a case report of a seafarer with life-threatening reactivation of long-term
uncontrolled HBV infection that resulted in decompensated cirrhosis and liver transplant. The case shows
clinical aspects of chronic hepatitis B and contributes to discussion about HBV infection with regard to
seafarers. The article also analyses the current legal regulations and guidelines in terms of preventing
new infections and detecting people already infected with HBV. Considering the specific nature of work
on seagoing ships, it is justified to recognise the seafaring as a profession with a high risk of HBV infection.
Monitoring the course of the disease can prevent reactivation of inflammatory process and serious
consequences of chronic hepatitis B during a cruise. The elementary issue is specific prophylaxis, that is,
covering the unvaccinated persons with the vaccination programme. The prevalence of HBV infection and
the specifics of the seafarer labour market require development of new international regulations, which
will unify Pre-Employment Medical Examination (PEME) protocols and take into consideration compulsory
vaccination.
Keywords
hepatitis B, seafarers, chronic hepatitis, hepatitis reactivation, maritime medicine, epidemiology, vaccination
About this articleTitle
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in a seafarer: an omitted problem of maritime medicine
Journal
Issue
Article type
Case report
Pages
77-82
Published online
2022-06-29
Page views
4371
Article views/downloads
804
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
IMH 2022;73(2):77-82.
Keywords
hepatitis B
seafarers
chronic hepatitis
hepatitis reactivation
maritime medicine
epidemiology
vaccination
Authors
Michał Rokicki
Katarzyna Sikorska
Małgorzata Sulima
Marta Gesing
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