open access

Vol 72, No 1 (2021)
Review article
Submitted: 2021-02-01
Accepted: 2021-03-02
Published online: 2021-03-29
Get Citation

Medical assessment of fitness to dive. Part I

Jarosław Krzyżak1, Krzysztof Korzeniewski23
·
Pubmed: 33829471
·
IMH 2021;72(1):36-45.
Affiliations
  1. Polish Society of Hyperbaric Medicine and Technique, Gdynia, Poland
  2. Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Department of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland

open access

Vol 72, No 1 (2021)
HYPERBARIC MEDICINE Review article
Submitted: 2021-02-01
Accepted: 2021-03-02
Published online: 2021-03-29

Abstract

Good physical and mental health is a prerequisite for anyone planning to scuba dive. A fitness to dive certificate for those willing to enter a scuba diving course as well as for active divers, either amateur or occupational, can only be issued if there are no medical contraindications to dive. It is usually within the competence of a diving instructor, a manager of underwater work or a physician to assess a person’s mental and physical health and grant them permission to stay under hyperbaric conditions. The legal requirements for issuing a fitness to dive certificate are different for recreational and occupational divers. The part I of this article discusses the issues concerning medical assessment of fitness to dive for amateurs.

Abstract

Good physical and mental health is a prerequisite for anyone planning to scuba dive. A fitness to dive certificate for those willing to enter a scuba diving course as well as for active divers, either amateur or occupational, can only be issued if there are no medical contraindications to dive. It is usually within the competence of a diving instructor, a manager of underwater work or a physician to assess a person’s mental and physical health and grant them permission to stay under hyperbaric conditions. The legal requirements for issuing a fitness to dive certificate are different for recreational and occupational divers. The part I of this article discusses the issues concerning medical assessment of fitness to dive for amateurs.

Get Citation

Keywords

diving, health assessment, medical contraindications

About this article
Title

Medical assessment of fitness to dive. Part I

Journal

International Maritime Health

Issue

Vol 72, No 1 (2021)

Article type

Review article

Pages

36-45

Published online

2021-03-29

Page views

1236

Article views/downloads

1381

DOI

10.5603/MH.2021.0005

Pubmed

33829471

Bibliographic record

IMH 2021;72(1):36-45.

Keywords

diving
health assessment
medical contraindications

Authors

Jarosław Krzyżak
Krzysztof Korzeniewski

References (23)
  1. Krzyżak J, Korzeniewski K. Medicine for divers [in Polish]. Publishing House 4Font, Poznań 2020: 25–37.
  2. Regulation of the Minister of Sport and Tourism of August 17, 2006 on scuba diving safety regulations. Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland of 2006, item 1103 [in Polish].
  3. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Society. Diver Medical Questionnaire. Available at: https://www.uhms.org/resources/recreational-diving-medical-screening-system.html. Accessed: 29 January 2021.
  4. Bove AA. Medical evaluation for sport diving. In: Bove AA., Davis JC. Bove and Davis’ Diving Medicine. Fourth Ed. Elsevier Inc., USA 2004: 519–532.
  5. Regulation of the Minister of Health of September 17, 2007 on health requirements for occupational diving. Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland of 2007, no. 199, item 1440 [in Polish].
  6. Elliott DH. Medical evaluation for working divers. In: Bove A.A. Bove and Davis’ Diving Medicine. Fourth Ed. Elsevier Inc., USA 2004: 533–545.
  7. European Diving Technology Committee, Fitness to dive standards. Guidelines for medical assessment of working divers. www.edtc.org (Accessed: 24 June 2003).
  8. Elliott DH. Are asthmatics fit to dive? Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Kensington MD. 1996.
  9. Moon RE, Bove AA, Mitchell SJ. statement. In: Denoble PJ, Holm JR. (eds.). Patent Foramen Ovale and Fitness to Dive Consensus Workshop Proceedings. Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 2016: 156–160.
  10. Lafay V, Trigano JA, Gardette B, et al. Effects of hyperbaric exposures on cardiac pacemakers. Br J Sports Med. 2008; 42(3): 212–6; discussion 216.
  11. Green RD, Leitch DR. Blood pressure and diving. J R Nav Med Serv. 1986; 72(1): 15–19.
  12. Vann RD, Lang MA. Recreational diving fatalities. Workshop proceedings. April 8-10, 2010. Durham NC, Divers Alert Network. 2011.
  13. Childs CM. Loss of consciousness in divers – a survey and review. Proceedings. Medical Aspects of Diving Accidents Congress, Luxembourg 1978, pp. : 3–23.
  14. Lechner M, Sutton L, Fishman JM, et al. Otorhinolaryngology and Diving-Part 1: Otorhinolaryngological Hazards Related to Compressed Gas Scuba Diving: A Review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018; 144(3): 252–258.
  15. Lechner M, Sutton L, Fishman JM, et al. Otorhinolaryngology and Diving-Part 2: Otorhinolaryngological Fitness for Compressed Gas Scuba Diving: A Review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018; 144(3): 259–263.
  16. Massey EW, Moon RE. Neurology and diving. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 120: 959–969.
  17. Todnem K, Nyland H, Riise T, et al. Analysis of neurologic symptoms in deep diving: Implications for selections of divers. Undersea Biomed Res. 1990; 17: 95–107.
  18. Biersner RJ. Psychological standards for diving. In: Shilling CW, Carlston CB, Mathias RA. The Physician's Guide to Diving Medicine. Plenum Press, New York 1984: 520–529.
  19. Morgan WP. Anxiety and panic in recreational scuba divers. Sports Med. 1995; 20(6): 398–421.
  20. Vote D. Gastrointestinal issues – consider them before returning to diving. https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/Gastrointestinal_Issues (Accessed: 29 January 2021).
  21. Damnon F, de Rham M, Baud D. Should a pregnancy test be required before scuba diving? Br J Sports Med. 2016; 50(18): 1159–1160.
  22. Bennett PB, Moon RE. Diving Accident Management. Proc. 41st UHMS Workshop, Durham NC 15-16 Jan 1990. UHMS Publication No. 78; 1990: Bethesda.
  23. DAN Annual Diving Report 2016 Edition. 2014 diving fatalities, injuries and incidents. Divers Alert Network, Durham, NC 2016.

Regulations

Important: This website uses cookies. More >>

The cookies allow us to identify your computer and find out details about your last visit. They remembering whether you've visited the site before, so that you remain logged in - or to help us work out how many new website visitors we get each month. Most internet browsers accept cookies automatically, but you can change the settings of your browser to erase cookies or prevent automatic acceptance if you prefer.

By VM Media Group sp. z o.o., Grupa Via Medica, ul. Świętokrzyska 73, 80–180 Gdańsk, Poland

tel.: +48 58 320 94 94, fax:+48 58 320 94 60, e-mail: viamedica@viamedica.pl