Vol 69, No 1 (2018)
MARITIME MEDICINE Review articles
Published online: 2018-03-28
Maritime environment health risks related to pathogenic microorganisms in seawater
Abstract
Not available
Keywords: “Seawater” [MeSH]“Viruses” [MeSH]“Bacteria” [MeSH]“Mycoses” [MeSH]
References
- Quesada E, Bejar V, Valderrama MJ, et al. Isolation and characterization of moderately halophilic nonmotile rods from different saline habitats. Microbiologia. 1985; 1(1-2): 89–96.
- Oren A. Diversity of halophilic microorganisms: environments, phylogeny, physiology, and applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002; 28(1): 56–63.
- Tyler J. Occurrence in water of viruses of public health significance. Soc Appl Bacteriol Symp Ser. 1985; 14(59): 37S–46S.
- Victoria M, Fumian TM, Rocha MS, et al. Gastroenteric virus dissemination and influence of rainfall events in urban beaches in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol. 2014; 117(4): 1210–1218.
- Pougnet R, Allio I, Pougnet L. Prevention of infectious diseases in harbour divers: how environmental parameters can help. Int Marit Health. 2015; 66(3): 186–187.
- Pougnet R, Loddé B, Lucas D, et al. Oeil rouge non traumatique: etude d’un cas chez un windsurfer. Médicina Maritima. 2010; 10(2).
- Loddé B, Pougnet R, Roguedas-Contios AM, et al. Skin infection by Staphylococcus aureus in a fisherman: difficulty in continuing work on board. Int Marit Health. 2013; 64(3): 126–128.
- Sánchez-Nazario EE, Santiago-Rodriguez TM, Toranzos GA. Prospective epidemiological pilot study on the morbidity of bathers exposed to tropical recreational waters and sand. J Water Health. 2014; 12(2): 220–229.
- Gantzer C, Dubois É, Crance JM, et al. Devenir des virus entériques en mer et influence des facteurs environnementaux. Oceanologica Acta. 1998; 21(6): 983–992.
- Efstratiou MA. Managing coastal bathing water quality: the contribution of microbiology and epidemiology. Mar Pollut Bull. 2001; 42(6): 425–432.
- Droppo IG, Krishnappan BG, Liss SN, et al. Modelling sediment-microbial dynamics in the South Nation River, Ontario, Canada: Towards the prediction of aquatic and human health risk. Water Res. 2011; 45(12): 3797–3809.
- Stocker R. Marine microbes see a sea of gradients. Science. 2012; 338(6107): 628–633.
- Abdelzaher AM, Wright ME, Ortega C, et al. Presence of pathogens and indicator microbes at a non-point source subtropical recreational marine beach. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010; 76(3): 724–732.
- Hartemann P. Contamination des eaux en milieu professionnel. EMC - Toxicologie-Pathologie. 2004; 1(2): 63–78.
- Fewtrell L, Godfree AF, Jones F, et al. Health effects of white-water canoeing. Lancet. 1992; 339(8809): 1587–1589.
- Shinoda S, Furumai Y, Katayama SI, et al. Ecological study of pathogenic vibrios in aquatic environments. Biocontrol Sci. 2013; 18(1): 53–58.
- Huehn S, Eichhorn C, Urmersbach S, et al. Pathogenic vibrios in environmental, seafood and clinical sources in Germany. Int J Med Microbiol. 2014; 304(7): 843–850.
- Andersson Y, Ekdahl K. Wound infections due to Vibrio cholerae in Sweden after swimming in the Baltic Sea, summer 2006. Euro Surveill. 2006; 11(8): E060803.2.
- Schets FM, van den Berg HH, Demeulmeester AA, et al. Vibrio alginolyticus infections in the Netherlands after swimming in the North Sea. Euro Surveill. 2006; 11(11): E061109.3.
- Vezzulli L, Pezzati E, Brettar I, et al. Effects of Global Warming on Vibrio Ecology. Microbiol Spectr. 2015; 3(3).
- Baker-Austin C, Trinanes J, Taylor N, et al. Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming. Nature Clim Change. 2012; 3(1): 73–77.
- Huehn S, Eichhorn C, Urmersbach S, et al. Pathogenic vibrios in environmental, seafood and clinical sources in Germany. Int J Med Microbiol. 2014; 304(7): 843–850.
- Baker-Austin C, Trinanes JA, Salmenlinna S, et al. Heat Wave-Associated Vibriosis, Sweden and Finland, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016; 22(7): 1216–1220.
- Baker-Austin C, Trinanes J, Gonzalez-Escalona N, et al. Non-Cholera Vibrios: The Microbial Barometer of Climate Change. Trends Microbiol. 2017; 25(1): 76–84.
- Baker-Austin C, Oliver JD. Rapidly developing and fatal Vibrio vulnificus wound infection. IDCases. 2016; 6: 13.
- Ahmed W, Gyawali P, Sidhu JPS, et al. Relative inactivation of faecal indicator bacteria and sewage markers in freshwater and seawater microcosms. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2014; 59(3): 348–354.
- Konishi K, Saito N, Shoji E, et al. Helicobacter pylori: longer survival in deep ground water and sea water than in a nutrient-rich environment. APMIS. 2007; 115(11): 1285–1291.
- Twing KI, Kirchman DL, Campbell BJ. Temporal study of Helicobacter pylori presence in coastal freshwater, estuary and marine waters. Water Res. 2011; 45(4): 1897–1905.
- Paerl HW, Paul VJ. Climate change: links to global expansion of harmful cyanobacteria. Water Res. 2012; 46(5): 1349–1363.
- Osborne NJ, Shaw GR. Dermatitis associated with exposure to a marine cyanobacterium during recreational water exposure. BMC Dermatol. 2008; 8: 5.
- Bonafé J, Grigorieff-Larrue N, Bauriaud R. Les mycobactérioses cutanées atypiques. Résultats d’une enquête nationale. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1992; 119: 463–70.
- Holt HM, Gahrn-Hansen B, Bruun B. Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005; 11(5): 347–352.
- González-Serrano CJ, Santos JA, García-López ML, et al. Virulence markers in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria isolates from freshwater fish and from a diarrhoea case. J Appl Microbiol. 2002; 93(3): 414–419.
- Casabianca A, Orlandi C, Barbieri F, et al. Effect of starvation on survival and virulence expression of Aeromonas hydrophila from different sources. Arch Microbiol. 2015; 197(3): 431–438.
- Hokajärvi AM, Pitkänen T, Siljanen HMP, et al. Occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and adenoviruses in Finnish bathing waters and purified sewage effluents. J Water Health. 2013; 11(1): 120–134.
- Goodwin KD, McNay M, Cao Y, et al. A multi-beach study of Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and enterococci in seawater and beach sand. Water Res. 2012; 46(13): 4195–4207.
- Mohammed RL, Echeverry A, Stinson CM, et al. Survival trends of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium perfringens in a sandy South Florida beach. Mar Pollut Bull. 2012; 64(6): 1201–1209.
- Boutin JP, Delolme H. Andre L-J. Eau de mer et pathologie. Médecine d’Afrique Noire. 1992; 39(3): 176–97.
- Sivonen K. Emerging high throughput analyses of cyanobacterial toxins and toxic cyanobacteria. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008; 619: 539–557.
- Meriluoto JA, Eriksson JE, Harada K, et al. Internal surface reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the cyanobacterial peptide toxins microcystin-LA, -LR, -YR, -RR and nodularin. J Chromatogr. 1990; 509(2): 390–395.
- Gressier M, Mbayo D, Deramond H, et al. First case of human spondylodiscitis due to Shewanella algae. Int J Infect Dis. 2010; 14 Suppl 3: e261–e264.
- Levy PY, Tessier JL. Arthritis due to Shewanella putrefaciens. Clin Infect Dis. 1998; 26(2): 536.
- Botelho-Nevers E, Gouriet F, Rovery C, et al. First case of osteomyelitis due to Shewanella algae. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(10): 5388–5390.
- Liu MC, Gau SJ, Wu HC. Acute exudative tonsillitis caused by Shewanella algae in a healthy child. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006; 38(11-12): 1104–1105.
- Dominguez H, Vogel BF, Gram L, et al. Shewanella alga Bacteremia in Two Patients with Lower Leg Ulcers. Clin Infect Dis. 1996; 22(6): 1036–1039.
- Holt HM, Søgaard P, Gahrn-Hansen B. Ear infections with Shewanella alga: a bacteriologic, clinical and epidemiologic study of 67 cases. Clin Microbiol Infect. 1997; 3(3): 329–334.
- Escudero MM, del Pozo LJ, Jubert E, et al. Cutaneous Ulcer at the Site of Radiation-Induced Dermatitis Caused by Infection With Vibrio alginolyticus. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015; 106(9): 774–775.
- Zoltan TB, Taylor KS, Achar SA. Health issues for surfers. Am Fam Physician. 2005; 71(12): 2313–2317.
- Loddé B, Mahé C, Jacolot L, et al. Skin Diseases Affecting High-Level Competition Sailors: Descriptive Study Carried Out During the 2012 AG2R Transatlantic Boat Race. Wilderness Environ Med. 2016; 27(1): 39–45.
- Gomez JM, Fajardo R, Patiño JF, et al. Necrotizing fasciitis due to Vibrio alginolyticus in an immunocompetent patient. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41(7): 3427–3429.
- Leveque N, Andreoletti L, Laurent A. A novel mode of transmission for human enterovirus infection is swimming in contaminated seawater: implications in public health and in epidemiological surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 47(5): 624–626.
- Nestor I. [Several health problems caused by viral contamination of sea water]. Rev Roum Virol. 1994; 45(1-2): 69–82.
- De Flora S, De Renzi GP, Badolati G. Detection of animal viruses in coastal seawater and sediments. Appl Microbiol. 1975; 30(3): 472–475.
- Rönnqvist M, Ziegler T, von Bonsdorff CH, et al. Detection method for avian influenza viruses in water. Food Environ Virol. 2012; 4(1): 26–33.
- Smith AW, Skilling DE, Castello JD, et al. Ice as a reservoir for pathogenic human viruses: specifically, caliciviruses, influenza viruses, and enteroviruses. Med Hypotheses. 2004; 63(4): 560–566.
- Kadoi K, Kadoi BK. Stability of feline caliciviruses in marine water maintained at different temperatures. New Microbiol. 2001; 24(1): 17–21.
- Moresco V, Viancelli A, Nascimento MA, et al. Microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the coastal waters of southern Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull. 2012; 64(1): 40–48.
- Rigotto C, Victoria M, Moresco V, et al. Assessment of adenovirus, hepatitis A virus and rotavirus presence in environmental samples in Florianopolis, South Brazil. J Appl Microbiol. 2010; 109(6): 1979–1987.
- Félix JL, Fernandez YC, Velarde-Félix JS, et al. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus and norovirus in marine recreational waters of Mexico. J Water Health. 2010; 8(2): 269–278.
- Silva AM, Vieira H, Martins N, et al. Viral and bacterial contamination in recreational waters: a case study in the Lisbon bay area. J Appl Microbiol. 2010; 108(3): 1023–1031.
- Love DC, Rodriguez RA, Gibbons CD, et al. Human viruses and viral indicators in marine water at two recreational beaches in Southern California, USA. J Water Health. 2014; 12(1): 136–150.
- Vipond IB, Caul EO, Hirst D, et al. National epidemic of Lordsdale Norovirus in the UK. J Clin Virol. 2004; 30(3): 243–247.
- Dancer D, Rangdale RE, Lowther JA, et al. Human norovirus RNA persists in seawater under simulated winter conditions but does not bioaccumulate efficiently in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas). J Food Prot. 2010; 73(11): 2123–2127.
- Sunderland D, Graczyk TK, Tamang L, et al. Impact of bathers on levels of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts in recreational beach waters. Water Res. 2007; 41(15): 3483–3489.
- Graczyk TK, Sunderland D, Tamang L, et al. Bather density and levels of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and pathogenic microsporidian spores in recreational bathing water. Parasitol Res. 2007; 101(6): 1729–1731.
- Veraldi S, Persico MC. Cutaneous larva migrans in a beach soccer player. Clin J Sport Med. 2006; 16(5): 430–431.
- Graczyk TK, Sunderland D, Tamang L, et al. Quantitative evaluation of the impact of bather density on levels of human-virulent microsporidian spores in recreational water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73(13): 4095–4099.
- Cordero L, Norat J, Mattei H, et al. Seasonal variations in the risk of gastrointestinal illness on a tropical recreational beach. J Water Health. 2012; 10(4): 579–593.
- Park KH, Jung SI, Jung YS, et al. Marine bacteria as a leading cause of necrotizing fasciitis in coastal areas of South Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 80(4): 646–650.
- Park JC, Lee MS, Lee DH, et al. Inactivation of bacteria in seawater by low-amperage electric current. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003; 69(4): 2405–2408.
- Lim TK, Stebbings AE. Fulminant necrotising fasciitis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Singapore Med J. 1999; 40(9): 596–597.
- Bross MH, Soch K, Morales R, et al. Vibrio vulnificus infection: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2007; 76(4): 539–544.
- Baker-Austin C, Trinanes JA, Salmenlinna S, et al. Heat Wave-Associated Vibriosis, Sweden and Finland, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016; 22(7): 1216–1220.
- Twing KI, Kirchman DL, Campbell BJ. Temporal study of Helicobacter pylori presence in coastal freshwater, estuary and marine waters. Water Res. 2011; 45(4): 1897–1905.
- Konishi K, Saito N, Shoji E, et al. Helicobacter pylori: longer survival in deep ground water and sea water than in a nutrient-rich environment. APMIS. 2007; 115(11): 1285–1291.
- Vogel BF, Holt HM, Gerner-Smidt P, et al. Homogeneity of Danish environmental and clinical isolates of Shewanella algae. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000; 66(1): 443–448.
- Leong J, Mirkazemi M, Kimble F. Shewanella putrefaciens hand infection. Aust N Z J Surg. 2000; 70(11): 816–817.
- Holt HM, Gahrn-Hansen B, Bruun B. Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005; 11(5): 347–352.
- Papanaoum K, Marshmann G, Gordon LA, et al. Concurrent infection due to Shewanella putrefaciens and Mycobacterium marinum acquired at the beach. Australas J Dermatol. 1998; 39(2): 92–95.
- Grocholski AS, Delage M, Samimi M, et al. Dermohypodermite aiguë de la jambe droite (S. putrefaciens) après une baignade. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2009; 136(1): 59–60.
- Süzük S, Yetener V, Ergüngör F, et al. Cerebellar abscess caused by Shewanella putrefaciens. Scand J Infect Dis. 2004; 36(8): 621–622.
- Pagani L, Lang A, Vedovelli C, et al. Soft tissue infection and bacteremia caused by Shewanella putrefaciens. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41(5): 2240–2241.
- Torregrossa MV, Casuccio A. Correlation between staphylococcal skin infections and sea bathing: a case-control study. Ann Ig. 2001; 13(1): 19–24.
- Shuval HI. The transmission of virus disease by the marine environment. Schriftenr Ver Wasser Boden Lufthyg. 1988; 78: 7–23.
- Ishida S, Yoshizumi S, Ikeda T, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus in clinical, environmental and putative animal sources. Arch Virol. 2012; 157(12): 2363–2368.
- Pandian TK, Deziel PJ, Otley CC, et al. Mycobacterium marinum infections in transplant recipients: case report and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis. 2008; 10(5): 358–363.
- Katayama H, Shimasaki A, Ohgaki S. Development of a virus concentration method and its application to detection of enterovirus and norwalk virus from coastal seawater. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002; 68(3): 1033–1039.
- Patti AM, Aulicino FA, De Filippis P, et al. Identification of enteroviruses isolated from sea-water: indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1990; 66(6): 595–600.
- Patti AM, De Filippis P, Gabrieli R, et al. Interactions between the human viruses and unicellular algae in marine environment. Ann Ig. 1991; 3(2): 101–104.
- Blacklow NR. Norwalk virus and others calciviruses. In: Barons S. ed. Medical Microbiology 4th edition. University of Texas, USA 1996.
- Wyn-Jones AP, Pallin R, Dedoussis C, et al. The detection of small round-structured viruses in water and environmental materials. J Virol Methods. 2000; 87(1-2): 99–107.
- Sunderland D, Graczyk TK, Tamang L, et al. Impact of bathers on levels of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts in recreational beach waters. Water Res. 2007; 41(15): 3483–3489.
- Graczyk TK, Sunderland D, Tamang L, et al. Bather density and levels of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and pathogenic microsporidian spores in recreational bathing water. Parasitol Res. 2007; 101(6): 1729–1731.
- Graczyk TK, Sunderland D, Tamang L, et al. Quantitative evaluation of the impact of bather density on levels of human-virulent microsporidian spores in recreational water. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73(13): 4095–4099.
- Koreivienė J, Anne O, Kasperovičienė J, et al. Cyanotoxin management and human health risk mitigation in recreational waters. Environ Monit Assess. 2014; 186(7): 4443–4459.
- Diez-Valcarce M, Kokkinos P, Söderberg K, et al. Occurrence of human enteric viruses in commercial mussels at retail level in three European countries. Food Environ Virol. 2012; 4(2): 73–80.
- Lauro FM, McDougald D, Thomas T, et al. The genomic basis of trophic strategy in marine bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106(37): 15527–15533.
- Tanzer J, Macdonald A, Schofield S. Infective skin conditions in an adult sea-going population. J R Nav Med Serv. 2014; 100(1): 47–55.
- Loddé B, Mahé C, Jacolot L, et al. Skin Diseases Affecting High-Level Competition Sailors: Descriptive Study Carried Out During the 2012 AG2R Transatlantic Boat Race. Wilderness Environ Med. 2016; 27(1): 39–45.
- Vakulova IN, Myznikov IL, Kutelev GM, et al. [Epidemiology of mycoses in submariners based on the Kola Peninsula]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 2003; 37(4): 23–26.
- Fayer R. Infectivity of microsporidia spores stored in seawater at environmental temperatures. J Parasitol. 2004; 90(3): 654–657.
- Anderson JH. In vitro survival of human pathogenic fungi in seawater. Sabouraudia. 1979; 17(1): 1–12.
- Dzawachiszwili N, Landau JW, Newcomer VD, et al. he effect of sea water and sodium chloride on the growth of fungi pathogenic to man. J Invest Dermatol. 1964; 43: 103–109.
- El Amraoui B, El Amraoui M, Cohen N, et al. Anti-Candida and anti-Cryptococcus antifungal produced by marine microorganisms. J Mycol Med. 2014; 24(4): e149–e153.
- El Amraoui B, El Amraoui M, Cohen N, et al. Antifungal and antibacterial activity of marine microorganisms. Ann Pharm Fr. 2014; 72(2): 107–111.
- Pushpanathan M, Gunasekaran P, Rajendhran J. Mechanisms of the antifungal action of marine metagenome-derived peptide, MMGP1, against Candida albicans. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7): e69316.
- Dhayanithi NB, Kumar TT, Kalaiselvam M, et al. Anti-dermatophytic activity of marine sponge, Sigmadocia carnosa (Dendy) on clinically isolated fungi. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2(8): 635–639.
- Shuval H. Estimating the global burden of thalassogenic diseases: human infectious diseases caused by wastewater pollution of the marine environment. J Water Health. 2003; 1(2): 53–64.
- Bandino JP, Hang A, Norton SA. The Infectious and Noninfectious Dermatological Consequences of Flooding: A Field Manual for the Responding Provider. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015; 16(5): 399–424.
