Wyszuk. zaawans.

  • Ginekologia i Perinatologia Praktyczna
  • Tom 9, Nr 2 (2024) Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Urologicznego, Polskiego Towarzystwa Ginekologów i Położników oraz Polskiego Towarzystwa Medycyny Rodzinnej dotyczące diagnostyki, terapii i postępowania w pozaszpitalnych zakażeniach dolnych dróg moczowych
Tom 9, Nr 2 (2024)
Wytyczne / stanowisko ekspertów
Opublikowany online: 2024-06-26
Dodaj do koszyka: 49,00 PLN
Wyświetlenia strony 584
Wyświetlenia/pobrania artykułu 265
Pobierz cytowanie

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Urologicznego, Polskiego Towarzystwa Ginekologów i Położników oraz Polskiego Towarzystwa Medycyny Rodzinnej dotyczące diagnostyki, terapii i postępowania w pozaszpitalnych zakażeniach dolnych dróg moczowych

Kajetan Juszczak12, Bartosz Dybowski3, Michał Holecki4, Waleria Hryniewicz5, Hanna Klimek6, Karolina Kłoda7, Piotr Sieroszewski6, Tomasz Drewa28
Ginekologia i Perinatologia Praktyczna 2024;9(2):133-153.

Streszczenie

Brak

Artykuł dostępny w formacie PDF

Dodaj do koszyka: 49,00 PLN

Posiadasz dostęp do tego artykułu?

Referencje

  1. Bonkat G, Bartoletti R, Bruyère T, et al. EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Milan 2023. EAU Guidelines Office, Arnhem 2023. https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urological-infections/chapter/the-guideline (15.01.2024).
  2. Hendy A, Bubenek-Turconi ŞI. The Diagnosis and Hemodynamic Monitoring of Circulatory Shock: Current and Future Trends. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures). 2016; 2(3): 115–123.
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. Tedja R, Wentink J, O'Horo JC, et al. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015; 36(11): 1330–1334.
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. Pothoven R. Management of urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance. Drug Target Insights. 2023; 17: 126–137.
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. Yang X, Chen H, Zheng Y, et al. Disease burden and long-term trends of urinary tract infections: A worldwide report. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 888205.
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. Hryniewicz W, Holecki M. (ed.). Rekomendacje diagnostyki, terapii i profilaktyki zakażeń układu moczowego u dorosłych. Narodowy Instytut Leków, Warszawa 2015.
  7. Zeng Z, Zhan J, Zhang K, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of urinary tract infections from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019. World J Urol. 2022; 40(3): 755–763.
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020; 396(10258): 1223–1249.
    CrossRefPubMed
  9. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020; 396(10258): 1204–1222.
    CrossRefPubMed
  10. Nicolle LE. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Urol Clin North Am. 2008; 35(1): 1–12, v.
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. Deltourbe L, Lacerda Mariano L, Hreha TN, et al. The impact of biological sex on diseases of the urinary tract. Mucosal Immunol. 2022; 15(5): 857–866.
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. Zeng G, Zhu W, Lam W, et al. Treatment of urinary tract infections in the old and fragile. World J Urol. 2020; 38(11): 2709–2720.
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. Matthews SJ, Lancaster JW. Urinary tract infections in the elderly population. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2011; 9(5): 286–309.
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. Mody L, Juthani-Mehta M. Urinary tract infections in older women: a clinical review. JAMA. 2014; 311(8): 844–854.
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. Wernli D, Jørgensen PS, Harbarth S, et al. Antimicrobial resistance: The complex challenge of measurement to inform policy and the public. PLoS Med. 2017; 14(8): e1002378.
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. Cassini A, Högberg LD, Plachouras D, et al. Burden of AMR Collaborative Group. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1): 56–66.
    CrossRefPubMed
  17. Godijk NG, McDonald SA, Altorf-van der Kuil W, et al. New methodology to assess the excess burden of antibiotic resistance using country-specific parameters: a case study regarding urinary tract infections. BMJ Open. 2023; 13(12): e064335.
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. Jurałowicz E, Bartoszko-Tyczkowska A, Tyczkowska-Sieroń E, et al. Etiology and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in patients with recurrent lower urinary tract infections. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020; 130(5): 373–381.
    CrossRefPubMed
  19. Stefaniuk E, Suchocka U, Bosacka K, et al. Etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens responsible for community-acquired urinary tract infections in Poland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016; 35(8): 1363–1369.
    CrossRefPubMed
  20. Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Zheng L, et al. Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Uropathogenic : Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(13).
    CrossRefPubMed
  21. Russo T, Marr C. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2019; 32(3).
    CrossRef
  22. Turjeman A, Babich T, Pujol M, et al. COMBACTE MAGNET WP5 RESCUING Study Group and Study Sites. Risk factors for enterococcal urinary tract infections: a multinational, retrospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021; 40(9): 2005–2010.
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. Clarke K, Hall CL, Wiley Z, et al. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Adults: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. J Hosp Med. 2020; 15(9): 552–556.
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. Medina-Polo J, Naber KG, Bjerklund Johansen TE. Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in urology. GMS Infect Dis. 2021; 9: Doc05.
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. Schuler F, Barth PJ, Niemann S, et al. A Narrative Review on the Role of Bacteriuria in Bacteremia. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021; 8(6): ofab158.
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. Yoo JJ, Song JuS, Kim WB, et al. in Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Is Associated with Dysbiosis of the Bladder Microbiome. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(9).
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. Lotte R, Lotte L, Ruimy R. Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii): a newly recognized pathogen-review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016; 22(1): 28–36.
    CrossRefPubMed
  28. Odabasi Z, Mert A. Candida urinary tract infections in adults. World J Urol. 2020; 38(11): 2699–2707.
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. ROBERTS AP, BEARD RW. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING BACTERIAL INVASION OF BLADDER DURING PREGNANCY. Lancet. 1965; 1(7396): 1133–1136.
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Society of Nephrology, American Geriatric Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 40(5): 643–654.
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. Waltzer WC. The urinary tract in pregnancy. J Urol. 1981; 125(3): 271–276.
    CrossRefPubMed
  32. Habak PJ, Griggs JR. Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy. In: Griggs JR. ed. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Florida 2023.
  33. Patterson TF, Andriole VT. Detection, significance, and therapy of bacteriuria in pregnancy. Update in the managed health care era. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997; 11(3): 593–608.
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. Millar LK, Cox SM. Urinary tract infections complicating pregnancy. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997; 11(1): 13–26.
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. Schaeffer AJ, Schaeffer EM. Infections of the urinary tract. In: Wein AJ. ed. Cambell-Walsh Urology. 10th edition. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc, Philadelphia 2012: 257–326.
  36. Hill JB, Sheffield JS, McIntire DD, et al. Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 105(1): 18–23.
    CrossRefPubMed
  37. Macejko AM, Schaeffer AJ. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Urol Clin North Am. 2007; 34(1): 35–42.
    CrossRefPubMed
  38. Jamie WE, Edwards RK, Duff P. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative uropathogens isolated from obstetric patients. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 10(3): 123–126.
    CrossRefPubMed
  39. Wing DA, Fassett MJ, Getahun D. Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy: an 18-year retrospective analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 210(3): 219.e1–219.e6.
    CrossRefPubMed
  40. Cohen I, Veille JC, Calkins BM. Improved pregnancy outcome following successful treatment of chlamydial infection. JAMA. 1990; 263(23): 3160–3163.
    PubMed
  41. Gilbert GL, Garland SM, Fairley KF, et al. Bacteriuria due to ureaplasmas and other fastidious organisms during pregnancy: prevalence and significance. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986; 5(6 Suppl): S239–S243.
    CrossRefPubMed
  42. Agger WA, Siddiqui D, Lovrich SD, et al. Epidemiologic factors and urogenital infections associated with preterm birth in a midwestern U.S. population. Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 124(5): 969–977.
    CrossRefPubMed
  43. Dzierżanowska-Fangrat K. (ed). Przewodnik antybiotykoterapii. Alfa-Medica Press, Bielsko-Biała 2023: 58–59.
  44. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012; 18(3): 268–281.
    CrossRefPubMed
  45. Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, et al. WHO Pathogens Priority List Working Group. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018; 18(3): 318–327.
    CrossRefPubMed
  46. Iredell J, Brown J, Tagg K. Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: mechanisms and clinical implications. BMJ. 2016; 352: h6420.
    CrossRefPubMed
  47. Mazzariol A, Bazaj A, Cornaglia G. Multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections: a review. J Chemother. 2017; 29(sup1): 2–9.
    CrossRefPubMed
  48. Vachvanichsanong P, McNeil EB, Dissaneewate P. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and urinary tract infections. Epidemiol Infect. 2020; 149: e12.
    CrossRefPubMed
  49. Doern C. Review of AmpC Beta-Lactamases in the Enterobacterales—Answers to Common Questions. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter. 2021; 43(10): 81–86.
    CrossRef
  50. Markiewicz Z, Korska D, Popowska M. Antybiotyki w dobie narastającej lekooporności. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2021.
  51. Binsker U, Käsbohrer A, Hammerl JA. Global colistin use: a review of the emergence of resistant Enterobacterales and the impact on their genetic basis. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022; 46(1).
    CrossRefPubMed
  52. Izdebski R, Baraniak A, Bojarska K, et al. Mobile MCR-1-associated resistance to colistin in Poland. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016; 71(8): 2331–2333.
    CrossRefPubMed
  53. Turner NA, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Maskarinec SA, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17(4): 203–218.
    CrossRefPubMed
  54. Appelbaum PC. The emergence of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12 Suppl 1: 16–23.
    CrossRefPubMed
  55. Wardal E, Żabicka D, Hryniewicz W, et al. VanA-Enterococcus faecalis in Poland: hospital population clonal structure and vanA mobilome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2022; 41(10): 1245–1261.
    CrossRefPubMed
  56. Werner G, Coque TM, Franz CM, et al. Antibiotic resistant enterococci-tales of a drug resistance gene trafficker. Int J Med Microbiol. 2013; 303(6-7): 360–379.
    CrossRefPubMed
  57. Hryniewicz W, Pawlik K, Deptuła A, Wanke-Rytt M. (ed.). Rekomendacje laboratoryjnej diagnostyki zakażeń. 1. Zakażenia układu moczowego. Narodowy Instytut Leków, Warszawa 2017.
  58. Yarbrough ML, Potter RF. Urine cultures. In: Leber AL, Burnham CAD. ed. Clinical Microbiology Procedure Handbook. ASM Press, Wiley 2023.
  59. McCallin S, Kessler TM, Leitner L. Management of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in the post-antibiotic era: select non-antibiotic approaches. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023; 29(10): 1267–1271.
    CrossRefPubMed
  60. Beerepoot MAJ, Geerlings SE, van Haarst EP, et al. Nonantibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Urol. 2013; 190(6): 1981–1989.
    CrossRefPubMed
  61. Aziminia N, Hadjipavlou M, Philippou Y, et al. Vaccines for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections: a systematic review. BJU Int. 2019; 123(5): 753–768.
    CrossRefPubMed
  62. Prattley S, Geraghty R, Moore M, et al. Role of Vaccines for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol Focus. 2020; 6(3): 593–604.
    CrossRefPubMed
  63. Chen YY, Su TH, Lau HH. Estrogen for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Urogynecol J. 2021; 32(1): 17–25.
    CrossRefPubMed
  64. Canales J, Rada G. Are probiotics effective in preventing urinary tract infection? Medwave. 2018; 18(2): e7186.
    CrossRefPubMed
  65. Grin PM, Kowalewska PM, Alhazzan W, et al. Lactobacillus for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in women: meta-analysis. Can J Urol. 2013; 20(1): 6607–6614.
    PubMed
  66. Ng QX, Peters C, Venkatanarayanan N, et al. Use of Lactobacillus spp. to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in females. Med Hypotheses. 2018; 114: 49–54.
    CrossRefPubMed
  67. Fu Z, Liska D, Talan D, et al. Cranberry Reduces the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence in Otherwise Healthy Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr. 2017; 147(12): 2282–2288.
    CrossRefPubMed
  68. Luís Â, Domingues F, Pereira L. Can Cranberries Contribute to Reduce the Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Clinical Trials. J Urol. 2017; 198(3): 614–621.
    CrossRefPubMed
  69. Wang CH, Fang CC, Chen NC, et al. Cranberry-containing products for prevention of urinary tract infections in susceptible populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(13): 988–996.
    CrossRefPubMed
  70. Kyriakides R, Jones P, Somani BK. Role of D-Mannose in the Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: Evidence from a Systematic Review of the Literature. Eur Urol Focus. 2021; 7(5): 1166–1169.
    CrossRefPubMed
  71. Cooper TE, Teng C, Howell M, et al. D-mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022; 8(8): CD013608.
    CrossRefPubMed
  72. Nalliah S, Fong JS. H., Thor A.Y.Y., Lim O.H. The use of chemotherapeutic agents as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infection in healthy nonpregnant women: a network meta-analysis. Indian J Urol. 2019; 35: 147–155.
  73. Ahmed H, Davies F, Francis N, et al. Long-term antibiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ Open. 2017; 7(5): e015233.
    CrossRefPubMed
  74. Nicolle LE. Pivmecillinam in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2008; 62(1): 215–215.
    CrossRef
  75. Hof H, Juretschke C. Nitroxoline: an option for the treatment of urinary tract infection with multi-resistant uropathogenic bacteria. Infection. 2019; 47(3): 493–495.
    CrossRefPubMed
  76. Gupta K, Stamm WE. Outcomes associated with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) therapy in TMP/SMX resistant community-acquired UTI. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002; 19(6): 554–556.
    CrossRefPubMed
  77. Warren JW, Abrutyn E, Hebel JR, et al. Guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis and acute pyelonephritis in women. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Clin Infect Dis. 1999; 29(4): 745–758.
    CrossRefPubMed
  78. Hooton TM, Roberts PL, Stapleton AE. Cefpodoxime vs ciprofloxacin for short-course treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012; 307(6): 583–589.
    CrossRefPubMed
  79. Hooton TM, Scholes D, Gupta K, et al. Amoxicillin-clavulanate vs ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2005; 293(8): 949–955.
    CrossRefPubMed
  80. Wagenlehner FME, Wullt B, Perletti G. Antimicrobials in urogenital infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011; 38 Suppl: 3–10.
    CrossRefPubMed
  81. Hooton TM. Recurrent urinary tract infection in women. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001; 17(4): 259–268.
    CrossRefPubMed
  82. Poletajew S. Leczenie nawrotowych niepowikłanych zakażeń układu moczowego. Przegl Urol. 2016; 6(100).
  83. Cai T, Tamanini I, Collini L, et al. Management of Recurrent Cystitis in Women: When Prompt Identification of Risk Factors Might Make a Difference. Eur Urol Focus. 2022; 8(5): 1476–1482.
    CrossRefPubMed
  84. Foxman B, Somsel P, Tallman P, et al. Urinary tract infection among women aged 40 to 65: behavioral and sexual risk factors. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001; 54(7): 710–718.
    CrossRefPubMed
  85. Hooton TM. Prevention of recurrent urogenital tract infections in adult women. In: Naber TGK, Schaeffer AJ, Hyned CF. ed. EAU/International Consultation on Urological Infections. European Association of Urology, Arnhem 2010.
  86. Nicolle LE. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997; 11(3): 647–662.
    CrossRefPubMed
  87. Lamont HF, Blogg HJ, Lamont RF. Safety of antimicrobial treatment during pregnancy: a current review of resistance, immunomodulation and teratogenicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014; 13(12): 1569–1581.
    CrossRefPubMed
  88. Dashe JS, Gilstrap LC. Antibiotic use in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1997; 24(3): 617–629.
    CrossRefPubMed
  89. Gilstrap LC, Ramin SM. Urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2001; 28(3): 581–591.
    CrossRefPubMed
  90. Nørgaard M, Skriver MV, Sørensen HT, et al. Risk of miscarriage for pregnant users of pivmecillinam: a population-based case-control study. APMIS. 2008; 116(4): 278–283.
    CrossRefPubMed
  91. Insulander M, Lebbad M, Stenström TA, et al. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with exposure to swimming pool water. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005; 37(5): 354–360.
    CrossRefPubMed
  92. Gilstrap LC, Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG, et al. Renal infection and pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981; 141(6): 709–716.
    CrossRefPubMed
  93. Mazor-Dray E, Levy A, Schlaeffer F, et al. Maternal urinary tract infection: is it independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcome? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009; 22(2): 124–128.
    CrossRefPubMed
  94. Pfau A, Sacks TG. Effective prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 1992; 14(4): 810–814.
    CrossRefPubMed
  95. Albert X, Huertas I, Pereiró II, et al. Antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; 2004(3): CD001209.
    CrossRefPubMed
  96. Schneeberger C, Geerlings SE, Middleton P, et al. Interventions for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 11(7): CD009279.
    CrossRefPubMed
  97. Vazquez JC, Villar J, Vazquez JC, et al. Treatments for symptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000(3): CD002256.
    CrossRefPubMed
  98. Ansaldi Y, Martinez de Tejada Weber B. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023; 29(10): 1249–1253.
    CrossRefPubMed
  99. Lutay N, Ambite I, Grönberg Hernandez J, et al. Bacterial control of host gene expression through RNA polymerase II. J Clin Invest. 2013; 123(6): 2366–2379.
    CrossRefPubMed
  100. Cai T, Mazzoli S, Mondaini N, et al. The role of asymptomatic bacteriuria in young women with recurrent urinary tract infections: to treat or not to treat? Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 55(6): 771–777.
    CrossRefPubMed
  101. Tencer J. Asymptomatic bacteriuria--a long-term study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1988; 22(1): 31–34.
    CrossRefPubMed
  102. Harding GKM, Zhanel GG, Nicolle LE, et al. Manitoba Diabetes Urinary Tract Infection Study Group. Antimicrobial treatment in diabetic women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347(20): 1576–1583.
    CrossRefPubMed
  103. Silver SA, Baillie L, Simor AE. Positive urine cultures: A major cause of inappropriate antimicrobial use in hospitals? Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2009; 20(4): 107–111.
    CrossRefPubMed
  104. Trautner BW. Asymptomatic bacteriuria: when the treatment is worse than the disease. Nat Rev Urol. 2011; 9(2): 85–93.
    CrossRefPubMed
  105. Moradi M, Abbasi M, Moradi A, et al. Effect of antibiotic therapy on asymptomatic bacteriuria in kidney transplant recipients. Urol J. 2005; 2(1): 32–35.
  106. El Amari EB, Hadaya K, Bühler L, et al. Outcome of treated and untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in renal transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26(12): 4109–4114.
    CrossRefPubMed
  107. Green H, Rahamimov R, Goldberg E, et al. Consequences of treated versus untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in the first year following kidney transplantation: retrospective observational study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013; 32(1): 127–131.
    CrossRefPubMed
  108. Origüen J, López-Medrano F, Fernández-Ruiz M, et al. Should Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Be Systematically Treated in Kidney Transplant Recipients? Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Transplant. 2016; 16(10): 2943–2953.
    CrossRefPubMed
  109. Bonkat G, Widmer AF, Rieken M, et al. Microbial biofilm formation and catheter-associated bacteriuria in patients with suprapubic catheterisation. World J Urol. 2013; 31(3): 565–571.
    CrossRefPubMed
  110. Tenke P, Kovacs B, Bjerklund Johansen TE, et al. European and Asian guidelines on management and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008; 31 Suppl 1: S68–S78.
    CrossRefPubMed
  111. Cooper FPM, Alexander CE, Sinha S, et al. Policies for replacing long-term indwelling urinary catheters in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 7(7): CD011115.
    CrossRefPubMed
  112. Dasgupta R, Grabe M. Preoperative antibiotics before endourologic surgery: current recommendations. J Endourol. 2009; 23(10): 1567–1570.
    CrossRefPubMed
  113. Sobel JD, Kauffman CA, McKinsey D, et al. Candiduria: a randomized, double-blind study of treatment with fluconazole and placebo. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 30(1): 19–24.
    CrossRefPubMed
  114. Sousa R, Muñoz-Mahamud E, Quayle J, et al. Is asymptomatic bacteriuria a risk factor for prosthetic joint infection? Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 59(1): 41–47.
    CrossRefPubMed

Informacje o plikach cookie

Niezbędne pliki cookie

Zawsze aktywne

Te pliki cookie są niezbędne do prawidłowego wyświetlania i działania strony internetowej. Zablokowanie ich może spowodować nieprawidłowe działanie strony.

Analityczne pliki cookie

W ramach naszej strony internetowej korzystamy z narzędzi analitycznych, takich jak Google Analytics, które umożliwiają nam weryfikację ruchu na stronie internetowej. Narzędzia te mogą wymagać użycia plików cookie.

Społecznościowe pliki cookie

Są to pliki cookie powiązane z portalami społecznościowymi, z których korzystamy. Zaakceptowanie ich pozwoli na powiązanie Twojej wizyty na stronie z naszymi profilami w mediach społecznościowych.

Marketingowe pliki cookie

Są to pliki cookie odpowiedzialne za prowadzenie działań reklamowych i marketingowych - zgoda na ich wykorzystanie pozwoli nam kierować do Ciebie reklamy, bazujące na podstawie Twoich wcześniejszych aktywności w ramach naszej stronie internetowej.

Copyright © 2023-2024 Via Medica Regulamin Polityka cookies Polityka prywatności Nota prawna