Tom 6, Nr 3 (2014)
Artykuły
Opublikowany online: 2014-10-22

dostęp otwarty

Wyświetlenia strony 2456
Wyświetlenia/pobrania artykułu 5840
Pobierz cytowanie

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Eksport do Mediów Społecznościowych

Bakteryjna flora jelitowa i leczenie jej zaburzeń. Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Odkryj to, co niewidzialne”

Witold Bartnik, Anna Pietrzak
Gastroenterologia Kliniczna 2014;6(3):85-87.

Streszczenie

Warszawska konferencja pod hasłem „Odkryj to, co niewidzialne” dostarczyła dowodów na związek długotrwałego leczenia inhibitorami pompy protonowej z florą bakteryjną jelit. Zaburzenia tej flory, obserwowane w zespole rozrostu bakteryjnego, powinny być leczone niewchłanialnym antybiotykiem, jakim jest rifaksymina. Do leczenia rifaksyminą kwalifikują się także chorzy z zespołem jelita drażliwego przebiegającym ze wzdęciem brzucha. Stanowisko takie wyrażają zgodnie autorzy polskich, niemieckich i amerykańskich wytycznych.

Artykuł dostępny w formacie PDF

Pokaż PDF Pobierz plik PDF

Referencje

  1. Jarema M. Leksykon schizofrenii. Termedia, Poznań 2010.
  2. ICD-10 Klasyfikacja zaburzeń psychicznych i zaburzeń zachowania. Uniw. Wyd. Vesalius, Instytut Psychiatr. Neurol, Kraków-Warszawa, 1998.
  3. Jarema M. Psychiatria. Podręcznik dla studentów medycyny. PZWL, Warszawa 2011.
  4. Gałązka-Sobotka M, Gryglewicz J, Gierczyński J, et al. Schizofrenia — analiza kosztów społecznych i ekonomicznych. Psychiatria. 2015; 12(1): 17–46.
  5. Gałecki P, Szulc A. Psychiatria. Edra Urban&Partner, Wrocław 2018.
  6. Gustavsson A, Svensson M, Jacobi F, et al. CDBE2010Study Group. Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011; 21(10): 718–779.
  7. Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K, et al. Comorbidities and mortality in persons with schizophrenia: a Swedish national cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2013; 170(3): 324–333.
  8. https://www.mp.pl/psychiatria/zaburzenia/schizofrenia-i-zaburzenia-psychotyczne/161146,schizofrenia-u-dzieci-i-mlodziezy.
  9. Jarema M. Standardy leczenia farmakologicznego niektórych zaburzeń psychicznych, wyd. 2. Via Medica, Gdańsk 2015.
  10. Stahl SM. Stahl' essential pychopharmacology, neurocientific basis and practical application, Fourth Edition. Cambridge Univerity Press, United Kingdom 2013: 129–180.
  11. Dold M, Tardy M, Samara MT, et al. Are all first-generation antipsychotics equally effective in treating schizophrenia? A meta-analysis of randomised, haloperidol-controlled trials. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2016; 17(3): 210–220.
  12. Tardy M, Huhn M, Kissling W, et al. Haloperidol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(7): CD009268.
  13. Huhn M, Nikolakopoulou A, Schneider-Thoma J, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2019; 394(10202): 939–951.
  14. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg178.
  15. Barnes TRe, Drake R, Paton C, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: Updated recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2020; 34(1): 3–78.
  16. Leucht S, Samara M, Heres S, et al. Dose Equivalents for Antipsychotic Drugs: The DDD Method. Schizophr Bull. 2016; 42 Suppl 1: S90–S94.
  17. Semple D, Smyth R. Oxford Handbook Of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom 2019.
  18. Solmi M, Murru A, Pacchiarotti I, et al. Safety, tolerability, and risks associated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2017; 13: 757–777.
  19. Hung GCL, Liu HC, Yang SY, et al. Antipsychotic reexposure and recurrent pneumonia in schizophrenia: a nested case-control study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016; 77(1): 60–66.
  20. Yang SY, Liao YT, Liu HC, et al. Antipsychotic drugs, mood stabilizers, and risk of pneumonia in bipolar disorder: a nationwide case-control study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013; 74(1): e79–e86.
  21. Hinkes R, Quesada TV, Currier MB, et al. Aspiration pneumonia possibly secondary to clozapine-induced sialorrhea. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996; 16(6): 462–463.
  22. Chisolm Margaret S, Payne Jennifer L. Management of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy BMJ. 2016; 352: h5918.
  23. Kostowski W, Pużyński S. Psychofarmakologia doświadczalna i kliniczna, wyd. III zmienione. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 1996.
  24. Rzewuska M. Leczenie Zaburzeń Psychicznych, wydanie II poprawione i uzupełnione. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2003.
  25. Stahl SM. Podstawy psychofarmakologii. Wydanie poprawione i uzupełnione. Via Medica, Gdańsk 2008.
  26. Owens DC. Poznaj rodzinę: przypomnienie farmakologii klinicznej typowych leków przeciwpsychotycznych (część 1). Advances Psych Treatment. 2012; 18: 323–336.
  27. pub.rejestrymedyczne.csioz.gov.pl charakterystyka produktu leczniczego: Fenactil, 40 mg/g, krople doustne, roztwór.
  28. pub.rejestrymedyczne.csioz.gov.pl charakterystyka produktu leczniczego: Promazin Jelfa, 25, 50, 100mg tabl. drażowane.
  29. Rey MJ, Schulz P, Costa C, et al. Guidelines for the dosage of neuroleptics. I: Chlorpromazine equivalents of orally administered neuroleptics. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1989; 4(2): 95–104.
  30. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/Tisercin_roztw_25mgml.pdf.
  31. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/Perazin.pdf.
  32. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego Haloperidol UNIA, 2 mg/ml, krople doustne, roztwór, HALOPERIDOL WZF 1 mg, 5 mg tabletki.
  33. Chlorprothixene Zentiva 15 mg tabl. powl. - charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/Chlorprothixen_Zentiva_15.pdf (9.05.2020).
  34. Roth BL, Driscol J. PDSP Ki Database (HTML). Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. https://pdsp.unc.edu/databases/pdsp.php.
  35. Fux M, Belmaker RH. A controlled comparative study of chlorprothixene vs. haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1991; 28(1): 37–40.
  36. Cleare A, Pariante CM, Young AH, et al. Members of the Consensus Meeting. Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: A revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. J Psychopharmacol. 2015; 29(5): 459–525.
  37. Tatsumi M, Jansen K, Blakely RD, et al. Pharmacological profile of neuroleptics at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999; 368(2-3): 277–283.
  38. Hutchinson JT, Smedberg D. Treatment of depression: a comparative study of E.C.T. and six drugs. Br J Psychiatry. 1963; 109: 536–538.
  39. Lodge Patch IC, Pitt BM, Yeo YM. The direct comparison of antidepressants: Imipramine and chlorprothixene. J Psych Res. 1967; 5(4): 273–280.
  40. Fluanxol 3 mg tabl. powlekane. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/39_Fluanxol_3mg_tabl_powl.pdf (9.05.2020).
  41. Jørgensen A, Andersen J, Bjørndal N, et al. Serum concentrations of cis(Z)-flupentixol and prolactin in chronic schizophrenic patients treated with flupentixol and cis(Z)-flupentixol decanoate. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1982; 77(1): 58–65.
  42. Grohmann R, Engel RR, Möller HJ, et al. Flupentixol use and adverse reactions in comparison with other common first- and second-generation antipsychotics: data from the AMSP study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014; 264(2): 131–141.
  43. Tardy M, Dold M, Engel RR, et al. Flupenthixol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(9): CD009227.
  44. Shen X, Xia J, Adams CE. Flupenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 11: CD009777.
  45. Gattaz WF, Diehl A, Geuppert MS, et al. Olanzapine versus flupenthixol in the treatment of inpatients with schizophrenia: a randomized double-blind trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2004; 37(6): 279–285.
  46. Stargardt T, Mavrogiorgou P, Gericke CA, et al. Effectiveness and costs of flupentixol compared to other first- and second-generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011; 216(4): 579–587.
  47. Ruhrmann S, Kissling W, Lesch OM, et al. Efficacy of flupentixol and risperidone in chronic schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 31(5): 1012–1022.
  48. Müller MJ, Wetzel H, Benkert O. Differential effects of high-dose amisulpride versus flupentixol on latent dimensions of depressive and negative symptomatology in acute schizophrenia: an evaluation using confirmatory factor analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002; 17(5): 249–261.
  49. Gruber AJ, Cole JO. Antidepressant effects of flupenthixol. Pharmacotherapy. J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther. 1991; 11: 450–459.
  50. Clopixol 10 mg tabletki powlekane. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/25_Clopixol_tab_pow_10.pdf (9.05.2020).
  51. Kumar A, Strech D. Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2009; 35(5): 855–856.
  52. Hovens JE, Dries PJT, Melman CTM, et al. Oral risperidone with lorazepam versus oral zuclopenthixol with lorazepam in the treatment of acute psychosis in emergency psychiatry: a prospective, comparative, open-label study. J Psychopharmacol. 2005; 19(1): 51–57.
  53. Jayakody K, Gibson RC, Kumar A, et al. Zuclopenthixol acetate for acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012(4): CD000525.
  54. Singh I, Owino WJ. A double-blind comparison of zuclopenthixol tablets with placebo in the treatment of mentally handicapped in-patients with associated behavioural disorders. J Intellect Disabil Res. 1992; 36 ( Pt 6): 541–549.
  55. Santosh P, Baird G. Psychopharmacotherapy in children and adults with intellectual disability. The Lancet. 1999; 354(9174): 233–242.
  56. Hässler F, Glaser T, Reis O. Effects of zuclopenthixol on aggressive disruptive behavior in adults with mental retardation--a 2-year follow-up on a withdrawal study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2011; 44(7): 339–343.
  57. Sulpiryd Hasco – charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/46_Sulpiryd_Hasco.pdf.
  58. Sulpiryd TEVA – charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/SulpirydTeva_kapstward_dwiedawki.pdf.
  59. Caley CF, Weber SS. Sulpiride: an antipsychotic with selective dopaminergic antagonist properties. Ann Pharmacother. 1995; 29(2): 152–160.
  60. Soares BG, Fenton M, Chue P. Sulpiride for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000(2): CD001162.
  61. Wang J, Sampson S. Sulpiride versus placebo for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(4): CD007811.
  62. Lai ECC, Chang CH, Kao Yang YH, et al. Effectiveness of sulpiride in adult patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2013; 39(3): 673–683.
  63. Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, et al. Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2014; 28(5): 403–439.
  64. Rüther E, Degner D, Munzel U, et al. Antidepressant action of sulpiride. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1999; 32(4): 127–135.
  65. Ueda N, Yoshimura R, Shinkai K, et al. Plasma levels of catecholamine metabolites predict the response to sulpiride or fluvoxamine in major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2002; 35(5): 175–181.
  66. Bocchetta A, Bernardi F, Burrai C, et al. A double-blind study of L-sulpiride versus amitriptyline in lithium-maintained bipolar depressives. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993; 88(6): 434–439.
  67. Standish-Barry HM, Bouras N, Bridges PK, et al. A randomized double blind group comparative study of sulpiride and amitriptyline in affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1983; 81(3): 258–260.
  68. Uchida H, Takeuchi H, Suzuki T, et al. Combined treatment with sulpiride and paroxetine for accelerated response in patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005; 25(6): 545–551.
  69. Masood B, Lepping P, Romanov D, et al. Treatment of Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder (Alcoholic Hallucinosis)-A Systematic Review. Alcohol Alcohol. 2018; 53(3): 259–267.
  70. Lingford-Hughes AR, Welch S, Peters L, et al. British Association for Psychopharmacology, Expert Reviewers Group. BAP updated guidelines: evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance abuse, harmful use, addiction and comorbidity: recommendations from BAP. J Psychopharmacol. 2012; 26(7): 899–952.
  71. Allain H, Dautzenberg PH, Maurer K, et al. Double blind study of tiapride versus haloperidol and placebo in agitation and aggressiveness in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000; 148(4): 361–366.
  72. Yuan Y, Li LH, Huang YJ, et al. Tiapride is more effective and causes fewer adverse effects than risperidone in the treatment of senile dementia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016; 20(14): 3119–3122.
  73. Gardette V, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Coley N, et al. Antipsychotic use and mortality risk in community-dwelling Alzheimer's disease patients: evidence for a role of dementia severity. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2012; 9(9): 1106–1116.
  74. Bessey LJ, Walaszek A. Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019; 21(8): 66.
  75. Coppen EM, Roos RAC. Current pharmacological approaches to reduce chorea in Huntington's disease. Drugs. 2017; 77(1): 29–46.
  76. Peters DH, Faulds D. Tiapride. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of alcohol dependence syndrome. Drugs. 1994; 47(6): 1010–1032.
  77. Cazzato G, Gioseffi M, Torre P, et al. [Prevention and therapy of delirium tremens with tiapride and chlordesmethyldiazepam]. Riv Neurol. 1982; 52(6): 331–342.
  78. Bender S, Scherbaum N, Soyka M, et al. The efficacy of the dopamine D2/D3 antagonist tiapride in maintaining abstinence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 299 alcohol-dependent patients. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007; 10(5): 653–660.
  79. Tiaprid PMCS, 100 mg, tabletki – charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://chpl.com.pl/data_files/2012-12-19_SPC_TiapridPMCS_100mg__VarIB001_2012-11-23.pdf.
  80. TIAPRIDAL, 100 mg, tabletki. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego.
  81. Lieberman JA, Alvir JM, Koreen A, et al. Psychobiologic correlates of treatment response in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1996; 14(3 Suppl): 13S–21S.
  82. Lieberman JA, Jody D, Alvir JM, et al. Time course and biologic correlates of treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993; 50(5): 369–376.
  83. Curson DA, Barnes TR, Bamber RW, et al. Long-term depot maintenance of chronic schizophrenic out-patients: the seven year follow-up of the Medical Research Council fluphenazine/placebo trial. III. Relapse postponement or relapse prevention? The implications for long-term outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 1985; 146: 474–480.
  84. Coldham EL, Addington J, Addington D. Medication adherence of individuals with a first episode of psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002; 106(4): 286–290.
  85. Lin CH, Chen FC, Chan HY, et al. Time to Rehospitalization in Patients With Schizophrenia Receiving Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics or Oral Antipsychotics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019; 22(9): 541–547.
  86. Kim HO, Seo GH, Lee BC. Real-world effectiveness of long-acting injections for reducing recurrent hospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2020; 19: 1.
  87. Leucht C, Heres S, Kane JM, et al. Oral versus depot antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia - a critical systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised long-term trials. Schizophr Res. 2011; 127(1-3): 83–92.
  88. Kishimoto T, Hagi K, Nitta M, et al. Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable vs Oral Antipsychotics in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Prospective and Retrospective Cohort Studies. Schizophr Bull. 2018; 44(3): 603–619.
  89. Kishimoto T, Nitta M, Borenstein M, et al. Long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mirror-image studies. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013; 74(10): 957–965.
  90. Kaplan G, Casoy J, Zummo J. Impact of long-acting injectable antipsychotics on medication adherence and clinical, functional, and economic outcomes of schizophrenia. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2013; 7: 1171–1180.
  91. Subotnik KL, Casaus LR, Ventura J, et al. Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone for Relapse Prevention and Control of Breakthrough Symptoms After a Recent First Episode of Schizophrenia. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015; 72(8): 822–829.
  92. Medrano S, Abdel-Baki A, Stip E, et al. Three-year naturalistic study on early use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in first episode psychosis. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2018; 48(4): 25–61.
  93. Abdel-Baki A, Medrano S, Maranda C, et al. Impact of early use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics on psychotic relapses and hospitalizations in first-episode psychosis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020; 35(4): 221–228.
  94. Tiihonen J, Haukka J, Taylor M, et al. A nationwide cohort study of oral and depot antipsychotics after first hospitalization for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2011; 168(6): 603–609.
  95. Bartzokis G, Lu PoH, Raven EP, et al. Impact on intracortical myelination trajectory of long acting injection versus oral risperidone in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2012; 140(1-3): 122–128.
  96. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline For The Treatment Of Patients With Schziophrenia, Dec. 2019. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/clinical-practice-guidelines (9.05.2020).
  97. Jarema M, Wichniak A, Dudek D, et al. Wskazówki do stosowania leków przeciwpsychotycznych II generacji o przedłużonym działaniu. Psychiatria Polska. 2015; 49(2): 225–241.
  98. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Investigators. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353(12): 1209–1223.
  99. Correll CU, Citrome L, Haddad PM, et al. The Use of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: Evaluating the Evidence. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016; 77(suppl 3): 1–24.
  100. Haddad P, Lambert T, Lauriello J. Leki przeciwpsychotyczne w iniekcjach o przedłużonym działaniu. Via Medica, Gdańsk 2011.
  101. Wistedt B, Ranta J. Comparative double-blind study of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of patients relapsing in a schizophrenic symptomatology. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983; 67(6): 378–388.
  102. Eberhard G, Hellbom E. Haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in schizophrenia. A long-term double-blind cross-over comparison. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1986; 74(3): 255–262.
  103. Johnson DA, Malik NA. A double-blind comparison of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in the treatment of acute schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1975; 51(4): 257–267.
  104. Mahapatra J, Quraishi SN, David A, et al. Flupenthixol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(6): CD001470.
  105. Coutinho E, Fenton M, Quraishi S. Zuclopenthixol decanoate for schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000(2): CD001164.
  106. Adams CE, Fenton MK, Quraishi S, et al. Systematic meta-review of depot antipsychotic drugs for people with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2001; 179: 290–299.
  107. Brissos S, Veguilla MR, Taylor D, et al. The role of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a critical appraisal. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2014; 4(5): 198–219.
  108. McEvoy JP, Byerly M, Hamer RM, et al. Effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate vs haloperidol decanoate for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014; 311(19): 1978–1987.
  109. Taylor D. Psychopharmacology and adverse effects of antipsychotic long-acting injections: a review. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2009; 52: S13–S19.
  110. Decaldol 50 mg/ml. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/28_DECALDOL_50mgml_roztw.pdf (9.05.2020).
  111. Kane JM, Davis JM, Schooler N, et al. A multidose study of haloperidol decanoate in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159(4): 554–560.
  112. De Cuyper H, Bollen J, van Praag HM, et al. Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of haloperidol decanoate after loading dose administration. Br J Psychiatry. 1986; 148: 560–566.
  113. Ereshefsky L, Toney G, Saklad SR, et al. A loading-dose strategy for converting from oral to depot haloperidol. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1993; 44(12): 1155–1161.
  114. Jann MW, Wei FC, Lin HN, et al. Haloperidol and reduced haloperidol plasma concentrations after a loading dose regimen with haloperidol decanoate. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1996; 20(1): 73–86.
  115. Fluanxol Depot 20 mg/ml. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/25_FluanxolDepot_roztw_do_wstrzy.pdf (9.05.2020).
  116. Baldessarini RJ, Davis JM. What is the best maintenance dose of neuroleptics in schizophrenia? Psychiatry Res. 1980; 3(2): 115–122.
  117. Teicher MH, Baldessarini RJ. Selection of neuroleptic dosage. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985; 42(6): 636–637.
  118. Johnson DA, Ludlow JM, Street K, et al. Double-blind comparison of half-dose and standard-dose flupenthixol decanoate in the maintenance treatment of stabilised out-patients with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 1987; 151: 634–638.
  119. Mahapatra J, Quraishi SN, David A, et al. Flupenthixol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(6): CD001470.
  120. Powney MJ, Adams CE, Jones H. Haloperidol for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 11: CD009377.
  121. Jayakody K, Gibson RC, Kumar A, et al. Zuclopenthixol acetate for acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012(4): CD000525.
  122. Clopixol Acuphase 50 mg/ml. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. https://www.lundbeck.com/upload/pl/files/pdf/chpl/Clopixol%20Acuphase%20SmPC.pdf (9.05.2020).
  123. Clopixol depot 200 mg/ml. Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. http://leki.urpl.gov.pl/files/ClopixolDepot_roztw_200mgml.pdf (9.05.2020).