open access
The divided zygoma: a meta-analysis of its prevalence with a review of the literature
, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2
Affiliations- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
open access
Abstract
Background: Divided zygoma (DZ) is an important structure in the midfacial
region. The anatomy of DZ is poorly researched, but knowledge about this entity
could be useful during posttraumatic facial reconstructions. The aim of this study
was to estimate the prevalence and anatomy of DZ in different regions around
the world. Therefore, the authors performed a meta-analysis, including all studies
that report extractable data on the DZ.
Materials and methods: The main online medical databases such as PubMed,
EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SciELO, BIOSIS, Current Content Connect,
Korean Journal Database and Russian Citation Index, were utilised to gather all
studies on anatomical characteristics, prevalence, symmetry, and a number of
divisions of zygomatic bone.
Results: A total of 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Data were
grouped and analysed in five categories: (1) prevalence of DZ bone, (2) prevalence
of DZ skulls, (3) gender prevalence of DZ with sides, (4) divisions of zygomatic
bone, (5) symmetry of DZ.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the authors of the present study believe that this
study can be considered an up-to-date meta-analysis regarding the prevalence,
divisions, and symmetricity of the DZ. The data provided by the present study
may be useful information for physicians in recognizing the DZ of the fracture
and may be important information during zygomatic bone osteotomy. Detailed
anatomical knowledge of the midfacial region can prevent surgical complications
when operating in this area.
Abstract
Background: Divided zygoma (DZ) is an important structure in the midfacial
region. The anatomy of DZ is poorly researched, but knowledge about this entity
could be useful during posttraumatic facial reconstructions. The aim of this study
was to estimate the prevalence and anatomy of DZ in different regions around
the world. Therefore, the authors performed a meta-analysis, including all studies
that report extractable data on the DZ.
Materials and methods: The main online medical databases such as PubMed,
EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SciELO, BIOSIS, Current Content Connect,
Korean Journal Database and Russian Citation Index, were utilised to gather all
studies on anatomical characteristics, prevalence, symmetry, and a number of
divisions of zygomatic bone.
Results: A total of 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Data were
grouped and analysed in five categories: (1) prevalence of DZ bone, (2) prevalence
of DZ skulls, (3) gender prevalence of DZ with sides, (4) divisions of zygomatic
bone, (5) symmetry of DZ.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the authors of the present study believe that this
study can be considered an up-to-date meta-analysis regarding the prevalence,
divisions, and symmetricity of the DZ. The data provided by the present study
may be useful information for physicians in recognizing the DZ of the fracture
and may be important information during zygomatic bone osteotomy. Detailed
anatomical knowledge of the midfacial region can prevent surgical complications
when operating in this area.
Keywords
os japonicum, divided zygoma, zygomatic bone, bipartite zygomatic bone, tripartite zygomatic bone, facial surgery, facial reconstruction
About this articleTitle
The divided zygoma: a meta-analysis of its prevalence with a review of the literature
Journal
Issue
Article type
Review article
Pages
478-486
Published online
2022-07-28
Page views
1143
Article views/downloads
703
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Folia Morphol 2023;82(3):478-486.
Keywords
os japonicum
divided zygoma
zygomatic bone
bipartite zygomatic bone
tripartite zygomatic bone
facial surgery
facial reconstruction
Authors
D. Plutecki
M. Bonczar
P. Ostrowski
R. Canon
M. Dziedzic
I. Zamojska
J. Walocha
M. Koziej
References (50)- Anil A, Peker T, Turgut HB, et al. Incidence of os japonicum in Anatolian dry skulls and plain cranium radiographs of modern Anatolian population. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2000; 28(4): 217–223.
- Bhargava KN, Garg TC, Bhargava SN. Incidence of Os japonicum (bipartite zygomatic bone) in Madya Pradesh skulls. J Anat Soc India. 1960; 9: 21–23.
- Cho J, Kim Y, Choi Y. Three-dimensional analysis of facial asymmetry after zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture reduction: a retrospective analysis of 101 East Asian patients. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2021; 22(3): 148–153.
- Covington DS, Wainwright DJ, Teichgraeber JF, et al. Changing patterns in the epidemiology and treatment of zygoma fractures: 10-year review. J Trauma. 1994; 37(2): 243–248.
- Cunningham DJ. Cunningham’s text-book of anatomy. 8th Ed. Oxford University Press, London 1947.
- D'Antoni AV, Tubbs RS, Patti AC, et al. The Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta-analysis: A framework for critically appraising anatomical meta-analyses. Clin Anat. 2022; 35(3): 323–331.
- Dimovski N. Os zygomaticum bipartitum na lobanjama sa srednjovekovnog nalazista manastiriste u Majdanu. Glasnik Antropoloskog drustva Srbije. 2012(47): 9–16.
- Ding SH. Measurement and observation of Chinese orbit and design of several measuring tools. J Qingdao Med Coll. 1961; 02: 15–24.
- Dodo Y. Non-Metrical Cranial Traits in the Hokkaido Ainu and the Northern Japanese of Recent Times. J Anthropol Soc Nippon. 1974; 82(1): 31–51.
- Gong SQ, Du YL. The characteristic of Chinese zygoma. Acta Anatomica Sinica. 1965; 02: 223–233.
- Grant JCB. A method of anatomy, descriptive and deductive. 5th Ed. Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 1952.
- Gruber W. Vierter Nachtrag zum Vorkommen des zweigetheilten Jochbeines — Os zygomaticum bipartitum — beim Menschen. Arch Pathol Anatom Physiol Klin Med. 1877; 69(3-4): 382–383.
- Hanihara T, Ishida H, Dodo Y. Os zygomaticum bipartitum: frequency distribution in major human populations. J Anat. 1998; 192(4): 539–555.
- Hanihara T, Ishida H, Dodo Y. Characterization of biological diversity through analysis of discrete cranial traits. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2003; 121(3): 241–251.
- Hauser G, de Stefano GF. Epigenetic variants of the human skull. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1989.
- Henry BM, Tomaszewski KA, Ramakrishnan PK, et al. Development of the anatomical quality assessment (AQUA) tool for the quality assessment of anatomical studies included in meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Clin Anat. 2017; 30(1): 6–13.
- Hilgendorf F. Das Os japonicum betreffend. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin. 1879; 78(1): 190–194.
- Hu XH, Li PZ, Zhen JG. Observation of the zygomatic morphology of Chinese. Acta Academiae Medicinae Jiangxi. 1985; 01: 11–15.
- Hrdlicka A. New instances of complete division of the malar bone, with notes on incomplete division. Am Naturalist. 1902; 36(424): 273–294.
- Jeyasingh P, Gupta CD, Arora AK, et al. Study of Os japonicum in Uttar Pradesh crania. Anat Anz. 1982; 152(1): 27–30.
- Jit I. J Anatomical Soc India. 1960; 9: 21–23.
- Jones FW. Buchanan’s manual of anatomy. 7th Ed. Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London 1946.
- Koganei Y. Suture of zygomatic bone. Zinruigaku Kenkyu. 1926; 16: 470–487.
- Kozintsev A, Gromov AV, Moiseyev VG. Collateral relatives of American Indians among the Bronze Age populations of Siberia? Am J Phys Anthropol. 1999; 108(2): 193–204, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199902)108:2<193::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-v.
- Kundu B, Sarkar S, Sarkar T, et al. Incidence of bipartite zygomatic in East Indian population. Indian J Basic Applied Med Res. 2016; 5(4): 154–158.
- Li YY. Observation on the Chinese zygomatic bone. Acta Anthropol Sin. 1985a; 03: 281–285.
- Li YY. Observation of divided zygoma in Northwest Chinese. J Ningxia Med Coll. 1985b; 03: 27–30.
- Mall F. On ossification centers in human embryos less than one hundred days old. Am J Anat. 1906; 5(4): 433–458.
- Mangalgiri A, Satpathy D, Bhojwani R. Study of Os Zygomaticum Bipartitum In Skulls of Central India. J Indian Acad Foren Med. 2015; 37(1): 59.
- Martin R, Saller K. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie, Band II. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1959.
- Morris H, Schaeffer JP. Morris’ human anatomy: A complete systematic treatise. 11th Ed. Blakiston, Philadelphia 1953.
- Nikolova S, Toneva D, Georgiev I. A case of bipartite zygomatic bone. Eur J Foren Sci. 2017; 4(4): 1.
- Ohnishi M. Bibliographie. Anthropologischer Anzeiger. 1941; 18(4): 163–210.
- Opperman LA. Cranial sutures as intramembranous bone growth sites. Dev Dyn. 2000; 219(4): 472–485, doi: 10.1002/1097-0177(2000)9999:9999<::AID-DVDY1073>3.0.CO;2-F.
- Ossenberg N. The influence of artificial cranial deformation on discontinuous morphological traits. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1970; 33(3): 357–371.
- Ossenberg NS. Brief communication: cranial nonmetric trait database on the internet. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2013; 152(4): 551–553.
- Pardoe C. Prehistoric morphologic variation in Australia. The Australian National University, Canberra 1984.
- Rice DP. Developmental anatomy of craniofacial sutures. Front Oral Biol. 2008; 12: 1–21.
- Soni J, Khatri C. A study on variation of zygomatic bone in relation to bipartitism in Gujarat State. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2016; 5(6): 1237.
- de Villiers H. The skull of the South African Negro. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg 1968.
- Wang Q, Dechow PC. Divided zygomatic bone in primates with implications of skull morphology and biomechanics. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2016; 299(12): 1801–1829.
- Wang Q, Smith AL, Strait DS, et al. The global impact of sutures assessed in a finite element model of a macaque cranium. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2010; 293(9): 1477–1491.
- Wang Q, Wood SA, Grosse IR, et al. The role of the sutures in biomechanical dynamic simulation of a macaque cranial finite element model: implications for the evolution of craniofacial form. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2012; 295(2): 278–288.
- Williams P, Warwick R, Dyson M. Gray’s anatomy. 37th Ed. Churchill Livingstone, London 1993.
- Woo JK. Notes on the ossification and growth of the human zygomatic bone. Scientia Sinica. 1956; 5(1): 133–135.
- Yang YR. Observation on the Chinese zygoma. J Kunm Med Coll. 1987; 02: 33–39.
- Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Yang S, et al. Divided zygoma in Holocene human populations from Northern China. Am J Hum Biol. 2019; 31(6): e23314.
- Zimmermann A, Hassko A. Das Jochbein und das Os malare bipartitum des Orang-Utan. Anatom Anzeiger. 1930; 69: 1–11.
- Zingg M, Laedrach K, Chen J, et al. Classification and treatment of zygomatic fractures: a review of 1,025 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992; 50(8): 778–790.
- Żytkowski A, Tubbs R, Iwanaga J, et al. Anatomical normality and variability: Historical perspective and methodological considerations. Transl Res Anat. 2021; 23: 100105.
