Three-dimensional modelling of the femur and humerus in adult male guinea pigs (guinea pig) with computed tomography and some biometric measurement values
Abstract
Background: Guinea pig is a species belonging to the Caviidae family of the Rodentia order and is frequently used in experimental studies. Biomedical imaging methods are used in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases in medicine. Among these methods, computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important imaging methods. In this study, it was aimed to perform the three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the CT images, obtained from the humerus and femur in the guinea pigs, via the MIMICS programme, and to make some biometric measurements regarding the bones over these models.
Materials and methods: In the present study, 12 male adult guinea pigs were used. The soft tissue on the humerus and femur bones of the guinea pigs was removed. After this procedure, CT images at a 0.5 mm-thickness were obtained from the animals. The images were recorded in DICOM format. Then, the reconstruction process was performed from the images by using the 3D modeling programme MIMICS® 13.1. On the 3D model of the humerus and femur (right-left), volumes, surface areas and lengths as well as other biometric parameters were measured separately, and the values were recorded. In addition, measurements of the bones were made with the help of a digital calliper.
Results: Among the parameters obtained from 3D models, a statistical difference was observed between the right and left cortical thicknesses of the femur from the measurements of calliper and the right and left humerus volumes (p < 0.05); whereas, no statistical difference was found in other parameters of both measurements (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: It can be stated that CT and 3D modelling can be used for the measurement of some parameters in the long bones of the guinea pigs.
Keywords: computed tomographyfemurhumerusguinea pigthree-dimensional reconstruction
References
- Alkan Z. Bilgisayarlı tomografi. Veteriner Radyoloji. Ankara. Mina Ajans Bask. ; 1999: 94–105.
- Anonim 2017a. http://radyoloji.blogcu.com/temel-radyoloji-fizigi_722957.html (Access date: 8 March 2017).
- Anonim 2017b. http://www.4cmedikal.com.tr/mimics.asp (Access date: 8 March 2017).
- Bahar S, Bolat D, Dayan MO, et al. Two- and three-dimensional anatomy of paranasal sinuses in Arabian foals. J Vet Med Sci. 2014; 76(1): 37–44.
- Bahar S, Dayan MO. Two and three-dimensional computed tomographic anatomy of the guttural pouch in arabian foals. J Animal Vet Adv. 2014; 13: 694–70.
- lack CR. Geometric morphometric analysis of skeletal shape variation across the pleuronectiformes, Master Thesis, University of Northern Iowa, A B D. 2014: 39–42.
- Capello V, Cauduro A. Clinical technique: application of computed tomography for diagnosis of dental disease in the rabbit, guinea pig, and chinchilla. J Exotic Pet Med. 2008; 17(2): 93–101.
- Christensen EI, Grann B, Kristoffersen IB, et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the rat nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014; 306(6): F664–F671.
- Dayan MO, Besoluk K. Three-dimensional reconstruction from computed tomography images of respiratory system in New Zealand rabbits. J Vet Scien. 2011a; 27(3): 145–8.
- Dayan MO, Besoluk K. Three-dimensional reconstruction of stomach and intestines in new zealand white rabbits from computerized tomography images. Israel J Vet Med. 2011b; 86(3): 108–113.
- Deleon VB, Smith TD. Mapping the nasal airways: using histology to enhance CT-based three-dimensional reconstruction in Nycticebus. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2014; 297(11): 2113–2120.
- Dursun N. Veteriner anatomi I, Ankara, Medisan Yayınevi. 2008: 1–280.
- Eken E, Gezici M. The influence of stomach volume on the liver topography in cats. Anat Histol Embryol. 2002; 31(2): 99–104.
- Elad D, Einav S. Three-dimensional measurement of biological surfaces. ISPRS J Photogrammetry Remote Sensing. 1990; 45(4): 247–266.
- Freitas Ede, Yoshito P, Silv Jda. Use of Rapid Prototyping and 3D Reconstruction in Veterinary Medicine. Adv Appl Rapid Prototyping Tech Modern Engineering. 2011.
- Gelsvartas J, 2010. Geometric morphometrics. Availble at: http://homepages. inf. ed. ac. uk/rbf/CVonline/LOC AL_COPIES. AV0910/gelsvartas.pdf (Accessed: 3 March 2017).
- González-Solá M, Al-Khayat HA, Behra M, et al. Zebrafish cardiac muscle thick filaments: isolation technique and three-dimensional structure. Biophys J. 2014; 106(8): 1671–1680.
- Guan Y, Yoganandan N, Zhang J, et al. Validation of a clinical finite element model of the human lumbosacral spine. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2006; 44(8): 633–641.
- Huang JW, Xie MK, Zhang Y, et al. Reconstruction of penile urethra with the 3-dimensional porous bladder acellular matrix in a rabbit model. Urology. 2014; 84(6): 1499–1505.
- Kim M, Huh KH, Yi WJ, et al. Evaluation of accuracy of 3D reconstruction images using multi-detector CT and cone-beam CT. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012; 42(1): 25–33.
- Kumaş A. Radyasyon fiziği ve tıbbi uygulamaları, Ankara, Palme Yayıncılık. 2009: 15–80.
- Kuru M. Omurgalı hayvanlar, Ankara, Gazi Üniversitesi. 1994: 461–481.
- Lök S. Sporda doping amaçli kullanılan nandrolonun puberta dönemindeki ratlarin femur ve humerus’u üzerine morfometrik etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Selcuk Üniversitesi, Konya. 2009: 19–54.
- Lu S, Xu YQ, Zhang YZ, et al. A novel computer-assisted drill guide template for lumbar pedicle screw placement: a cadaveric and clinical study. Int J Med Robot. 2009; 5(2): 184–191.
- Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. International committee on veterinary gross anatomical nomenclature. 6th ed (Rev.vers). USA, Pub. By the Ed. Com. Hanover, Columbia, Ghent, Rio de Janeiro. 2017.
- Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, et al. The anatomy of the domestic animals, Volume I: The locomotor system. Verlag Paul Parey-Springer Verlag, Berlin. 1986: 9–168.
- Ohlerth S, Scharf G. Computed tomography in small animals--basic principles and state of the art applications. Vet J. 2007; 173(2): 254–271.
- Onar V, Kahvecioğlu KO, Çebi V. Computed tomographic analysis of the cranial cavity and neurocranium in the German shepherd dog (Alsatian) puppies. Vet Arhiv. 2002; 72(2): 57–66.
- Özkadif S, Eken E. Three-dimensional reconstruction of multidetector computed tomography images of paranasal sinuses of New Zealand rabbits. Turkish J Vet Animal Scien. 2013; 37: 675–681.
- Özkadif S, Eken E, Kalaycı I. A three-dimensional reconstructive study of pelvic cavity in the New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Scien World J. 2014; 2014: 489854.
- Özkadif S, Eken E, Beşoluk K, et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of New Zealand rabbit antebrachium by multidetector computed tomography. Iran J Vet Res. 2015; 16(2): 205–209.
- Özkadif S. Üç boyutlu rekonstrüksiyon kullanılarak yapılan bazı veteriner anatomik çalışmalar. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015; 5(2): 288–295.
- Özkurt A. 2002. Üç boyutlu örneksel veriden yüzey modeli üretimi. Dokuz Eylül Ünv Mühendislik Fak Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2015; 4: 27–36.
- Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu KO. Kobaylarda ön ve arka bacak uzun kemiklerinin homotipik varyasyonları üzerinde araştırmalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013; 39(1): 20–32.
- Pazvant G. Tavşan ve kobaylarda ön ve arka bacak uzun kemiklerinin (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpus ve metatarsus) homotipik varyasyonları üzerinde araştırmalar. Doktora tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. 2003: 38–83.
- Rohlf FJ, Marcus L. A revolution morphometrics. Trends Ecol Evolut. 1993; 8(4): 129–132.
- Souza M, Greenacre C, Avenell J, et al. Diagnosing a Tooth Root Abscess in a Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Using Micro Computed Tomography Imaging. J Exotic Pet Med. 2006; 15(4): 274–277.
- Topçu V. Bilgisayarlı tomografide imaj oluşumu ve gösterimi. Üç boyutlu (3B) imaj işletme ve gösterim teknikleri. İstanbul. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Radyodiagnostik Kliniği. Uzmanlık tezi. 2005: 11–15.
- Wehausen JD, Ramey RR. Cranial morphometric and evolutionary relationships in the northern range of ovis canadensis. J Mammal. 2000; 81(1): 145–161.
- Witkowska A, Alibhai A, Hughes C, et al. Computed tomography analysis of guinea pig bone: architecture, bone thickness and dimensions throughout development. PeerJ. 2014; 2: e615.
- Yavru N, Yavru S. Deney hayvanları, Konya, Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayın Ünitesi. 2000: 143–162.
- Yin H-X, Zhao T, Liu B, et al. Visualization of guinea pig cochleae with computed tomography of diffraction enhanced imaging and comparison with histology. J X-Ray Scien Technol. 2007; 15(2): 73–84.
