Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of Nigella sativa and onion extract on nicotine-induced lung damage
Abstract
Background: The present work aimed to compare the protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) and onion extract on the nicotine-induced lung damage in rats. The antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of both agents on nicotine-induced lung damage were studied.
Materials and methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley albino rats, treated for 18 weeks, were divided into six groups: one negative control group, two positive control groups (oral onion and oral NS), nicotine-treated group, onion extract-treated group (concomitant nicotine and onion extract) and NS-treated group (concomitant nicotine and NS oil). The assessment of lung structure was based on haematoxylin and eosin and transmission electron microscopy. Lung malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase (CAT), lung glutathione (GSH), and epithelial lining fluid GSH (ELF GSH) were used for assessment of the antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of NS and onion extract.
Results: The lung of the nicotine-treated group exhibited emphysematous air spaces, collapsed corrugated alveoli with ruptured interalveolar septa in some specimen and thickened septa in the others, massive congestion, extravasation of red blood cells, inflammatory cellular infiltration and fluid exudate. Much improvement was observed in the onion-treated group despite the presence of residual pathological affection. The lung in the NS-treated group showed the nearly normal architecture with slight congestion. Administration of nicotine promoted lipid peroxidation (elevation of MDA) and decreased the level of the antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, lung GSH and ELF GSH). With the use of onion extract and NS, the level of MDA decreased by 17.85% and 35.71% while the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and ELF GSH increased. The increase was more prominent in the NS-treated group. The levels in the NS-treated group reached nearly the level markers of the control group.
Conclusions: Nigella sativa and onion extract attenuate the pathological effect of nicotine in the lung rats through antioxidative and anti-lipid peroxidative mechanisms with higher protection to NS.
Keywords: Nigella sativaonion extractnicotinelung
References
- Aebi H. 'Catalase in vitro'. Methods Enzymol. 1984; 105: 121–126.
- Al-Ghamdi MS. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nigella sativa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 76(1): 45–48.
- Ali BH, Blunden G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res. 2003; 17(4): 299–305.
- Badary OA, Gamal El-Din AM. Inhibitory effects of thymoquinone against 20-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Detect Prev. 2001; 25(4): 362–368.
- Bancroft JD, Gamble M. heory and practice of histological techniques. 6th edn. Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, Philadelphia 2008.
- Birben E, Sahiner U, Sackesen C, et al. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense. World Allergy Org J. 2012; 5(1): 9–19.
- Bradford M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Bioch. 1976; 72(1-2): 248–254.
- Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013; 35(2): 121–126.
- Courtemanche C, Tchernis R, Ukert B. The effect of smoking on obesity: Evidence from a randomized trial. J Health Econ. 2018; 57: 31–44.
- Darakhshan S, Bidmeshki Pour A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, et al. Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacol Res. 2015; 95-96: 138–158.
- Dhouib H, Jallouli M, Draief M, et al. Oxidative damage and histopathological changes in lung of rat chronically exposed to nicotine alone or associated to ethano. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2015; 63(6): 258–67.
- Dollah MA, Parhizkar S, Izwan M. Effect of Nigella sativa on the kidney function in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2013; 3(2): 152–158.
- El-Sokkary GH, Cuzzocrea S, Reiter RJ. Effect of chronic nicotine administration on the rat lung and liver: beneficial role of melatonin. Toxicology. 2007; 239(1-2): 60–67.
- Festing MF, Altman DG. Guidelines for the design and statistical analysis of experiments using laboratory animals. ILAR J. 2002; 43(4): 244–58.
- Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, et al. Comparison of the main bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in garlic and white and red onions after treatment protocols. J Agric Food Chem. 2008; 56(12): 4418–4426.
- Guan ZZ, Yu WF, Nordberg A. Dual effects of nicotine on oxidative stress and neuroprotection in PC12 cells. Neurochem Int. 2003; 43(3): 243–249.
- Halliwell B, Gutteridge J. Free radicals and antioxidant protection: mechanisms and significance in toxicology and disease. Hum Toxicol. 1988; 7(1): 7–13.
- Harzallah HJ, Grayaa R, Kharoubi W, et al. Thymoquinone, the Nigella sativa bioactive compound, prevents circulatory oxidative stress caused by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in erythrocyte during colon postinitiation carcinogenesis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012; 854065.
- Helen A, Krishnakumar K, Vijayammal PL, et al. Antioxidant effect of onion oil (Allium cepa. Linn) on the damages induced by nicotine in rats as compared to alpha-tocopherol. Toxicol Lett. 2000; 116(1-2): 61–68.
- Helen A, Rajasree CR, Krishnakumar K, et al. Antioxidant role of oils isolated from garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and onion (Allium cepa Linn) on nicotine-induced lipid peroxidation. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1999; 41(5): 316–319.
- Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S, Asl MN, et al. Effect of thymoquinone and Nigella sativa seeds oil on lipid peroxidation level during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hippocampus. Phytomedicine. 2007; 14(9): 621–627.
- Husain K, Scott BR, Reddy SK, et al. Chronic ethanol and nicotine interaction on rat tissue antioxidant defense system. Alcohol. 2001; 25(2): 89–97.
- Husain K, Somani SM. Interaction of exercise training and chronic ethanol ingestion on testicular antioxidant system in rat. J Appl Toxicol. 1998; 18(6): 421–429.
- Kalpana C, Menon VP. Modulatory effects of curcumin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity. Pol J Pharmacol. 2004; 56(5): 581–586.
- Kim J, Cha YJ, Lee KH, et al. Effect of onion peel extract supplementation on the lipid profile and antioxidative status of healthy young women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. Nutr Res Pract. 2013; 7(5): 373–379.
- Lisanti A, Formica V, Ianni F, et al. Antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts from different cultivars of Italian onion (Allium cepa) and relative human immune cell proliferative induction. Pharm Biol. 2016; 54(5): 799–806.
- Mansour MA, Ginawi O, El-Hadiyah T, et al. Effects of volatile oil constituents of Nigella sativa on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: evidence for antioxidant effects of thymoquinone. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2001; 110(3-4): 239–251.
- Mansour MA, Nagi MN, El-Khatib AS, et al. Effects of thymoquinone on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and DT-diaphorase in different tissues of mice: a possible mechanism of action. Cell Biochem Funct. 2002; 20(2): 143–151.
- McCord JM. Human disease, free radicals, and the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Clin Biochem. 1993; 26(5): 351–357.
- Meister A. Glutathione, ascorbate, and cellular protection. Cancer Res. 1994; 54(7 Suppl): 1969s–1975s.
- Misra HP, Fridovich I. The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 1972; 247(10): 3170–3175.
- Ola-Mudathir KF, Suru SM, Fafunso MA, et al. Protective roles of onion and garlic extracts on cadmium-induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008; 46(12): 3604–3611.
- Park J, Kim J, Kim MK. 'Onion flesh and onion peel enhance antioxidant status in aged rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2007; 53(1): 21–29.
- Rahman I, Kode A, Biswas SK. Assay for quantitative determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels using enzymatic recycling method. Nat Protoc. 2006; 1(6): 3159–3165.
- Ribière C, Hininger I, Rouach H, et al. Effects of chronic ethanol administration on free radical defence in rat myocardium. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992; 44(8): 1495–1500.
- Rohn S, Buchner N, Driemel G, et al. Thermal degradation of onion quercetin glucosides under roasting conditions. J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55(4): 1568–1573.
- Schweitzer KS, Chen SX, Law S, et al. Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and e-cigarette vapor exposures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015; 309(2): L175–L187.
- Sener G, Kapucu C, Paskaloglu K, et al. Melatonin reverses urinary system and aorta damage in the rat due to chronic nicotine administration. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004; 56(3): 359–266.
- Sener G, Ozer Sehirli A, Cetinel S, et al. Taurine treatment protects against chronic nicotine-induced oxidative changes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2005; 19(2): 155–164.
- Slimestad R, Fossen T, Vågen IM. Onions: a source of unique dietary flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem. 2007; 55(25): 10067–10080.
- Soto-Otero R, Méndez-Alvarez E, Hermida-Ameijeiras A, et al. Effects of (-)-nicotine and (-)-cotinine on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: relevance for Parkinson's disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002; 64(1): 125–135.
- Tavakkoli A, Ahmadi A, Razavi BM, et al. Black Seed. Iran J Pharm Res. 2017; 16(Suppl): 2–23.
- Tayman C, Cekmez F, Kafa IM, et al. Protective Effects of Nigella sativa Oil in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury. Arch Bronconeumol. 2013; 49(1): 15–21.
- Thomson M, Alnaqeeb MA, Bordia T, et al. Effects of aqueous extract of onion on the liver and lung of rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 61(2): 91–99.
- Yildiz D. Nicotine, its metabolism and an overview of its biological effects. Toxicon. 2004; 43(6): 619–632.
- Yildiz D, Ercal N, Armstrong DW. Nicotine enantiomers and oxidative stress. Toxicology. 1998; 130(2-3): 155–165.
