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Vol 49, No 2 (2011)
Original paper
Submitted: 2011-12-19
Published online: 2011-07-11
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Glycopattern analysis and structure of the egg extra-cellular matrix in the Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Bombina pachypus (Anura: Bombinatoridae)

Giovanni Scillitani, Angela Maria Moramarco, Roberta Rossi, Maria Mastrodonato
DOI: 10.5603/FHC.2011.0043
·
Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011;49(2):306-316.

open access

Vol 49, No 2 (2011)
ORIGINAL PAPERS
Submitted: 2011-12-19
Published online: 2011-07-11

Abstract

We studied the glycopatterns and ultrastructure of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of the egg of the Apennine yellow-bellied toad Bombina pachypus, by light and electron microscopy in order to determine structure, chemical composition and function. Histochemical techniques in light microscopy included PAS and Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and 1.0, performed also after b-elimination. Lectin-binding was tested with nine lectins (AAA, ConA, DBA, HPA, LTA, PNA, SBA, UEA-I, WGA). An inner fertilization envelope (FE) and five jelly layers (J1–J5) were observed, differing in histochemical staining, lectin binding and ultrastructure. Most glycans were O-linked, with many glucosamylated and fucosylated residues. The fertilization envelope presented a perivitelline space and a fertilization layer, with mostly neutral glycans. The jelly layers consisted of fibers and granules, whose number and orientation differed between layers. Fibers were densely packed in J1 and J4 layers, whereas a looser arrangement was observed in the other layers. Jelly-layer glycans were mostly acidic and particularly abundant in the J1 and J4 layers. In the J1, J2 and J5 layers, neutral, N-linked glycans were also observed. Mannosylated and/or glucosylated as well as galactosyl/galactosaminylated residues were more abundant in the outer layers. Many microorganisms were observed in the J5 layer. We believe that, apart from their functions in the fertilization process, acidic and fucosylated glycans could act as a barrier against pathogen penetration. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 306–316)

Abstract

We studied the glycopatterns and ultrastructure of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of the egg of the Apennine yellow-bellied toad Bombina pachypus, by light and electron microscopy in order to determine structure, chemical composition and function. Histochemical techniques in light microscopy included PAS and Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and 1.0, performed also after b-elimination. Lectin-binding was tested with nine lectins (AAA, ConA, DBA, HPA, LTA, PNA, SBA, UEA-I, WGA). An inner fertilization envelope (FE) and five jelly layers (J1–J5) were observed, differing in histochemical staining, lectin binding and ultrastructure. Most glycans were O-linked, with many glucosamylated and fucosylated residues. The fertilization envelope presented a perivitelline space and a fertilization layer, with mostly neutral glycans. The jelly layers consisted of fibers and granules, whose number and orientation differed between layers. Fibers were densely packed in J1 and J4 layers, whereas a looser arrangement was observed in the other layers. Jelly-layer glycans were mostly acidic and particularly abundant in the J1 and J4 layers. In the J1, J2 and J5 layers, neutral, N-linked glycans were also observed. Mannosylated and/or glucosylated as well as galactosyl/galactosaminylated residues were more abundant in the outer layers. Many microorganisms were observed in the J5 layer. We believe that, apart from their functions in the fertilization process, acidic and fucosylated glycans could act as a barrier against pathogen penetration. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 306–316)

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Keywords

amphibia; Bombina pachypus; egg jelly; lectin; electron microscopy

About this article
Title

Glycopattern analysis and structure of the egg extra-cellular matrix in the Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Bombina pachypus (Anura: Bombinatoridae)

Journal

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

Issue

Vol 49, No 2 (2011)

Article type

Original paper

Pages

306-316

Published online

2011-07-11

Page views

1663

Article views/downloads

1954

DOI

10.5603/FHC.2011.0043

Bibliographic record

Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011;49(2):306-316.

Keywords

amphibia
Bombina pachypus
egg jelly
lectin
electron microscopy

Authors

Giovanni Scillitani
Angela Maria Moramarco
Roberta Rossi
Maria Mastrodonato

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