Progress in study on natriuretic peptides

Streszczenie

Natriuretic peptides (NP) are hormones mainly involved in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance and the regulation of cardiovascular function. So far, six classic NP have been described: type A natriuretic peptide, urodilatin, type B natriuretic peptide, type C natriuretic peptide, type D natriuretic peptide and uroguanylin. The family of natriuretic peptides also includes osteocrin and musculin, which have different metabolic activities. NP carry out their biological activities by interacting with three membrane receptors. The bioavailability of these compounds is regulated, among others, by neprilysin. Plasma NP concentrations change during many diseases. The most important of these include heart failure (HF). The guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology indicate that the determination of plasma peptide concentrations is helpful in the diagnosis of HF.

Understanding the physiology of natriuretic peptides has led to the search for new drugs that would mimic their beneficial effects. In addition to the beneficial effects of natriuretic peptides on the cardiovascular system, it has been shown that these compounds are involved in the regulation of many other metabolic processes — among others in the regulation of the center of hunger and satiety in the hypothalamus.

The purpose of this work is to present the definitions, history, mechanisms of natriuretic peptides, as well as their role in human physiology and pathology and to present clinical issues related to these hormones.