Tom 13, Nr 2 (2018)
Niewydolność serca
Opublikowany online: 2018-05-30
Czynnik różnicowania wzrostu 15 jako biomarker w niewydolności serca
DOI: 10.5603/FC.2018.0034
Folia Cardiologica 2018;13(2):174-180.
Streszczenie
Niewydolność serca (HF) staje się coraz częstszym rozpoznaniem ze spektrum chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego.
Częściowo jest to związane z wydłużeniem się średniego życia człowieka. Poprawiła się również diagnostyka HF, zarówno obrazowa, jak i biochemiczna — ta ostatnia dzięki wprowadzeniu rutynowych oznaczeń peptydów natriuretycznych typu B (BNP). Ze względu na poważne rokowanie (krótki czas przeżycia) nadal jednak trwają poszukiwania biomarkerów, które mogłyby mieć zastosowanie w jak najwcześniejszej diagnostyce, określeniu ciężkości HF, sposobu i efektywności (monitorowania) jej leczenia i, co nie mniej ważne, w rokowaniu. Jeden spośród kilku badanych nowych markerów — czynnik różnicowania wzrostu 15 (GDF-15) — zdaje się wykazywać względnie duży potencjał w powyższych zastosowaniach. Na czoło wybija się prognostyczna wartość tego białkowego biomarkera w odniesieniu do umieralności, niezależna od innych biomarkerów i dodatkowa w stosunku do nich. Wynika to ze złożonych procesów patofizjologicznych prowadzących do wzrostu stężenia tego markera, gdyż ekspresja GDF-15 nasila się w komórkach układu sercowo-naczyniowego (kardiomiocytach, śródbłonku) oraz innych komórkach (makrofagach, adipocytach) w odpowiedzi na bodźce patologiczne (niedokrwienie, stres oksydacyjny, zapalenie). Zwiększona ekspresja może mieć autokrynne działanie ochronne. Badania populacyjne wskazują także na możliwość zastosowania GDF-15 do wykrywania subklinicznej HF. Wartość kliniczna oznaczania GDF-15 zwiększa się w strategii wielomarkerowej, uwzględniającej zastosowanie wraz z BNP i/lub troponinami. Czynnik różnicowania wzrostu 15 może zatem odgrywać istotną rolę w biochemicznym systemie wczesnego ostrzegania o możliwości rozwoju HF oraz rokowaniu w przypadku jej wystąpienia.
Słowa kluczowe: czynnik różnicowania wzrostu 15niewydolność sercabiomarker
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