The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Criteria of metabolic syndrome in adults include central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension. The incidence of obesity, as well as metabolic syndrome, in population of Poland is increasing.
Authors describe the case of 16-year-old boy admitted to the hospital because of accidentally diagnosed impaired fasting glucose. Family history appeared to be positive in terms of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and ischemic heart disease. Physical examination revealed abdominal obesity (BMI 32.9; WHR > 1), acanthosis nigricans, and elevated blood pressure. The main laboratory findings were as follows: blood glucose levels between 156 and 296 mg/dl; HbA_1c - 10.7%, dyslipidemia, and elevated liver enzymes activity. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed signs of fatty liver. Intensive pharmacological treatment, as well as dietetic and diabetic education were performed and modification of the lifestyle was ordered. The boy was readmitted to the hospital after 6 month therapy to perform the control tests. Laboratory findings improved significantly, despite of the weight stability. Metabolic syndrome should be diagnosed early, when effective treatment may prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. It is advised to perform tests for elements of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children, especially in those with a positive family history.