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open access

Vol 74, No 4 (2023)
Original paper
Submitted: 2022-11-29
Accepted: 2023-05-29
Published online: 2023-08-08
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Ultrasound characteristics of the cervical vagus nerve in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Fan Xiong1, Qian Wang12, Yun Hu1, Xiao Jiang3, Lin Liu1, Yumeng Han1, Qing Jiang1, Shiqin Yuan1, Lan Xu1
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2023.0056
·
Pubmed: 37577998
·
Endokrynol Pol 2023;74(4):421-429.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
  2. Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
  3. Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China

open access

Vol 74, No 4 (2023)
Original Paper
Submitted: 2022-11-29
Accepted: 2023-05-29
Published online: 2023-08-08

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and autonomic neuropathy are commonly coexistent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current assessment tools for diabetic neuropathy remain complicated and limited. We aimed to investigate the sonographic changes of the cervical vagus nerve in DPN patients with T2DM.

Material and methods: Patients with T2DM were divided into a DPN group (DPN, n = 44) and non-DPN controls (NDPN, n = 43) based on electromyogram results. Another 43 healthy controls (CON) were included. High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) of the vagus nerve was performed in all participants.

Results: Compared with controls, the honeycomb structure of the vagus nerve in patients with T2DM decreased, p < 0.001. The DPN group had higher cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right vagus nerve than the NDPN group (1.60 ± 0.52 vs. 2.00 ± 0.57 mm2, p =0.001). Logistic regression showed that right vagus nerve CSA was a risk factor of DPN (odds ratio [OR] = 3.924, p = 0.002). Right vagus nerve CSA was positively correlated with diabetes duration (p = 0.003), and negatively correlated with the motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the ulnar, median, and common peroneal nerves (p < 0.001 for all), as well as the sensor conduction velocity (SCV) of the ulnar and median nerve (both p < 0.005).

Conclusion: HFU shows thickening of the cervical vagus nerve in patients with DPN, which is a potential diagnostic feature of diabetic neuropathy.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and autonomic neuropathy are commonly coexistent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current assessment tools for diabetic neuropathy remain complicated and limited. We aimed to investigate the sonographic changes of the cervical vagus nerve in DPN patients with T2DM.

Material and methods: Patients with T2DM were divided into a DPN group (DPN, n = 44) and non-DPN controls (NDPN, n = 43) based on electromyogram results. Another 43 healthy controls (CON) were included. High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) of the vagus nerve was performed in all participants.

Results: Compared with controls, the honeycomb structure of the vagus nerve in patients with T2DM decreased, p < 0.001. The DPN group had higher cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right vagus nerve than the NDPN group (1.60 ± 0.52 vs. 2.00 ± 0.57 mm2, p =0.001). Logistic regression showed that right vagus nerve CSA was a risk factor of DPN (odds ratio [OR] = 3.924, p = 0.002). Right vagus nerve CSA was positively correlated with diabetes duration (p = 0.003), and negatively correlated with the motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the ulnar, median, and common peroneal nerves (p < 0.001 for all), as well as the sensor conduction velocity (SCV) of the ulnar and median nerve (both p < 0.005).

Conclusion: HFU shows thickening of the cervical vagus nerve in patients with DPN, which is a potential diagnostic feature of diabetic neuropathy.

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Keywords

high-frequency ultrasound; vagus nerve cross-sectional area; diabetic peripheral neuropathy

About this article
Title

Ultrasound characteristics of the cervical vagus nerve in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Journal

Endokrynologia Polska

Issue

Vol 74, No 4 (2023)

Article type

Original paper

Pages

421-429

Published online

2023-08-08

Page views

964

Article views/downloads

347

DOI

10.5603/EP.a2023.0056

Pubmed

37577998

Bibliographic record

Endokrynol Pol 2023;74(4):421-429.

Keywords

high-frequency ultrasound
vagus nerve cross-sectional area
diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Authors

Fan Xiong
Qian Wang
Yun Hu
Xiao Jiang
Lin Liu
Yumeng Han
Qing Jiang
Shiqin Yuan
Lan Xu

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