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Hyperandrogenism-related metabolic changes in drug-naïve transmen compared to cisgender women: a case-controlled study
Affiliations- Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Psychiatry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey, Türkiye
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Abstract
Introduction: The aetiology of gender dysphoria is still unclear. Although prior studies have shown that trans men have higher androgen levels than cisgender women, they all concluded unselected populations. Our reason for performing this study is to evaluate trans men’s hormone profile and metabolic status to compare with cisgender women in a more selected population. This is the first case-controlled study to compare anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrinological parameters of drug-naïve trans men with those of cisgender women.
Material and methods: We designed this study as a single-centre observational cohort study. We included 70 drug naïve trans men, and the control group comprised 34 healthy cisgender women. We measured and compared hormone profiles and metabolic parameters in the 2 groups.
Results: Of the 70 trans men individuals, 16 (22.85%) met the Rotterdam criteria and were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); 4 individuals in the control group met the criteria (11.7%). Although we matched body mass index in the groups, total testosterone, free androgen index, androstenedione, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, muscle strength, triglyceride, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels were significantly higher in the trans men than in the cisgender women (p < 0.05). Even after were excluded PCOS patients, hyperandrogenaemia was apparent in the trans men.
Conclusion: Our study showed that trans men have clearly higher androgen levels, which may have been the reason for metabolic changes compared to cisgender women. However, the main reason for hyperandrogenism in drug-naïve trans men is still not known, and more comprehensive studies are needed.
Abstract
Introduction: The aetiology of gender dysphoria is still unclear. Although prior studies have shown that trans men have higher androgen levels than cisgender women, they all concluded unselected populations. Our reason for performing this study is to evaluate trans men’s hormone profile and metabolic status to compare with cisgender women in a more selected population. This is the first case-controlled study to compare anthropometric, metabolic, and endocrinological parameters of drug-naïve trans men with those of cisgender women.
Material and methods: We designed this study as a single-centre observational cohort study. We included 70 drug naïve trans men, and the control group comprised 34 healthy cisgender women. We measured and compared hormone profiles and metabolic parameters in the 2 groups.
Results: Of the 70 trans men individuals, 16 (22.85%) met the Rotterdam criteria and were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); 4 individuals in the control group met the criteria (11.7%). Although we matched body mass index in the groups, total testosterone, free androgen index, androstenedione, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, muscle strength, triglyceride, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels were significantly higher in the trans men than in the cisgender women (p < 0.05). Even after were excluded PCOS patients, hyperandrogenaemia was apparent in the trans men.
Conclusion: Our study showed that trans men have clearly higher androgen levels, which may have been the reason for metabolic changes compared to cisgender women. However, the main reason for hyperandrogenism in drug-naïve trans men is still not known, and more comprehensive studies are needed.
Keywords
androgen; cisgender women; metabolic syndrome; trans men
About this articleTitle
Hyperandrogenism-related metabolic changes in drug-naïve transmen compared to cisgender women: a case-controlled study
Journal
Issue
Article type
Original paper
Pages
398-403
Published online
2023-07-21
Page views
792
Article views/downloads
304
DOI
Pubmed
Bibliographic record
Endokrynol Pol 2023;74(4):398-403.
Keywords
androgen
cisgender women
metabolic syndrome
trans men
Authors
Pınar Erel
Onur Elbasan
Neşe Yorguner
Eren İmre
Özlem Üstay
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