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Vol 72, No 5 (2021)
Review paper
Submitted: 2021-08-05
Accepted: 2021-08-10
Published online: 2021-08-16
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CD4+ cells in autoimmune thyroid disease

Szymon Janyga1, Bogdan Marek2, Dariusz Kajdaniuk12, Monika Ogrodowczyk-Bobik1, Agata Urbanek1, Łukasz Bułdak3
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2021.0076
·
Pubmed: 34647609
·
Endokrynol Pol 2021;72(5):572-583.
Affiliations
  1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Regional Specialist Hospital No. 3, Rybnik, Poland, Poland
  2. Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  3. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Poland

open access

Vol 72, No 5 (2021)
Review Article
Submitted: 2021-08-05
Accepted: 2021-08-10
Published online: 2021-08-16

Abstract

The phenomenon of autoimmunity develops as a result of the triggering factor released by damaged cells. This leads to an infiltration of CD4+ cells involved in stimulating the effector cells cytotoxicity and stimulating the humoral response. One of the most common autoimmune disorders are autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves's diseases. Helper T lymphocytes, which are divided into Th1, Th2, Tregs, and the relatively new groups Th17, Th22, and Th9, are involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. CD4+ cell subtypes mature and differentiate by specific transcription factors and in a specific interleukin environment. Not only are Th1 and Th2 cells involved in the development of AITD, but also Th17, Th22, and Th9 lymphocytes and their correlation to Tregs lymphocytes. The plasticity of the CD4+ cells is very important, affecting the balance between these cells, as well the factors modulating their phenotypic variability. Patients with AITD have an increased percentage of Th17, Th22, and Th9 cells as well as defective function of Tregs lymphocytes. The balance between Th17 cells (and also other cytotoxic T cells) and Treg cells is also very important. Understanding the role of CD4 cells in the pathogenesis of AITD may be important not only for the development of the knowledge, but also for determining therapeutic targets.

 

Abstract

The phenomenon of autoimmunity develops as a result of the triggering factor released by damaged cells. This leads to an infiltration of CD4+ cells involved in stimulating the effector cells cytotoxicity and stimulating the humoral response. One of the most common autoimmune disorders are autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves's diseases. Helper T lymphocytes, which are divided into Th1, Th2, Tregs, and the relatively new groups Th17, Th22, and Th9, are involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. CD4+ cell subtypes mature and differentiate by specific transcription factors and in a specific interleukin environment. Not only are Th1 and Th2 cells involved in the development of AITD, but also Th17, Th22, and Th9 lymphocytes and their correlation to Tregs lymphocytes. The plasticity of the CD4+ cells is very important, affecting the balance between these cells, as well the factors modulating their phenotypic variability. Patients with AITD have an increased percentage of Th17, Th22, and Th9 cells as well as defective function of Tregs lymphocytes. The balance between Th17 cells (and also other cytotoxic T cells) and Treg cells is also very important. Understanding the role of CD4 cells in the pathogenesis of AITD may be important not only for the development of the knowledge, but also for determining therapeutic targets.

 

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Keywords

CD4+ T cell; Th lymphocytes; Treg lymphocytes; autoimmune thyroid disease

About this article
Title

CD4+ cells in autoimmune thyroid disease

Journal

Endokrynologia Polska

Issue

Vol 72, No 5 (2021)

Article type

Review paper

Pages

572-583

Published online

2021-08-16

Page views

8106

Article views/downloads

1657

DOI

10.5603/EP.a2021.0076

Pubmed

34647609

Bibliographic record

Endokrynol Pol 2021;72(5):572-583.

Keywords

CD4+ T cell
Th lymphocytes
Treg lymphocytes
autoimmune thyroid disease

Authors

Szymon Janyga
Bogdan Marek
Dariusz Kajdaniuk
Monika Ogrodowczyk-Bobik
Agata Urbanek
Łukasz Bułdak

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