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Vol 69, No 5 (2018)
Review paper
Submitted: 2018-05-04
Accepted: 2018-05-11
Published online: 2018-08-03
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Chromogranin A and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Zoltan Herold1, Marton Doleschall2, Annamaria Kovesdi1, Attila Patocs34, Aniko Somogyi1
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2018.0052
·
Pubmed: 30074235
·
Endokrynol Pol 2018;69(5):598-610.
Affiliations
  1. Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
  2. MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
  3. Semmelweis University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
  4. MTA-SE “Momentum” Hereditary Endocrine Tumours Research Group, Szentkiralyi u. 46., H-1088 Budapest, Hungary

open access

Vol 69, No 5 (2018)
Review Article
Submitted: 2018-05-04
Accepted: 2018-05-11
Published online: 2018-08-03

Abstract

Chromogranin A is a member of the granin glycoprotein family that is expressed by the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells of different organs. Intracellularly, chromogranin A contributes to the regulation of secretion and gives several cleavage products after secretion. Some of its cleavage products modify the hormone functions in autocrine and paracrine ways, while the functions of others have not been fully understood yet. Serum chromogranin A level is most prominently used in neuroendocrine tumour diagnostics. In addition, recent studies have suggested that chromogranin A and some of its cleavage products (pancreastatin and WE-14) also play important roles in the pathogenesis of the various forms of diabetes mellitus, but their exact mechanisms still need to be clarified. Higher chromogranin A, pancreastatin, and WE-14 levels have been reported in type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. A notable connection has been inferred through the observation that type 1 diabetes mellitus is not at all or rarely developed in chromogranin A gene-knockout, non-obese diabetic model mice compared to non-knockout, non-obese diabetic mice. Pancreastatin inhibits insulin release in various cell and animal models, and WE-14 serves as an autoantigen for both CD4+ and CD8+ beta cell-destructive diabetogenic T-cell clones in type 1 diabetes. Chromogranin A contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus according to the available literature. The current findings facilitate further investigation to unravel the deeper relationships between this glycoprotein and diabetes.

Abstract

Chromogranin A is a member of the granin glycoprotein family that is expressed by the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells of different organs. Intracellularly, chromogranin A contributes to the regulation of secretion and gives several cleavage products after secretion. Some of its cleavage products modify the hormone functions in autocrine and paracrine ways, while the functions of others have not been fully understood yet. Serum chromogranin A level is most prominently used in neuroendocrine tumour diagnostics. In addition, recent studies have suggested that chromogranin A and some of its cleavage products (pancreastatin and WE-14) also play important roles in the pathogenesis of the various forms of diabetes mellitus, but their exact mechanisms still need to be clarified. Higher chromogranin A, pancreastatin, and WE-14 levels have been reported in type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. A notable connection has been inferred through the observation that type 1 diabetes mellitus is not at all or rarely developed in chromogranin A gene-knockout, non-obese diabetic model mice compared to non-knockout, non-obese diabetic mice. Pancreastatin inhibits insulin release in various cell and animal models, and WE-14 serves as an autoantigen for both CD4+ and CD8+ beta cell-destructive diabetogenic T-cell clones in type 1 diabetes. Chromogranin A contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus according to the available literature. The current findings facilitate further investigation to unravel the deeper relationships between this glycoprotein and diabetes.

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Keywords

chromogranin A, diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, gestational diabetes, mice inbred NOD, pancreastatin, WE-14

About this article
Title

Chromogranin A and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Journal

Endokrynologia Polska

Issue

Vol 69, No 5 (2018)

Article type

Review paper

Pages

598-610

Published online

2018-08-03

Page views

7632

Article views/downloads

5948

DOI

10.5603/EP.a2018.0052

Pubmed

30074235

Bibliographic record

Endokrynol Pol 2018;69(5):598-610.

Keywords

chromogranin A
diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus type 1
diabetes mellitus type 2
gestational diabetes
mice inbred NOD
pancreastatin
WE-14

Authors

Zoltan Herold
Marton Doleschall
Annamaria Kovesdi
Attila Patocs
Aniko Somogyi

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