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Vol 74, No 6 (2023)
Review paper
Submitted: 2023-05-17
Accepted: 2023-10-03
Published online: 2023-12-05
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A new antiviral hypothesis and radioactive iodine therapy to other cancers, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?

Agata Czarnywojtek12, Paweł Gut2, Magdalena Borowska1, Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj2, Paweł Caputa3, Beata Kos-Kudła4, Marek Ruchała2, Marzena Dworacka5
DOI: 10.5603/ep.95505
·
Endokrynol Pol 2023;74(6).
Affiliations
  1. Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
  2. Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
  3. Department of Oncology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
  4. Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  5. Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy

open access

Vol 74, No 6 (2023)
Review Article
Submitted: 2023-05-17
Accepted: 2023-10-03
Published online: 2023-12-05

Abstract

Radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) is an effective, safe, and cheap method in benign and malignant thyroid diseases. There is still an unresolved question of whether RIT treatment also plays a role in the treatment of, for example, breast cancer, lung cancer, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These studies are currently being carried out in rats in combination with genes, but it may be an interesting challenge to assess “pure” RIT alone, thanks to the expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), is effective in other organ nodules, both benign and malignant. Cloning of the NIS in 1996 provided an opportunity to use NIS as a powerful theranostic transgene. In addition, NIS is a sensitive reporter gene that can be monitored by high-resolution PET imaging using the radiolabels [124I]sodium iodide ([124I]NaI) or [18F] tetrafluoroborate ([18F]TFB). Based on published positron emission tomography (PET) results, [124I]sodium iodide and internally synthesized [18F]TFB were compared in an orthotopic animal model of NIS-expressing glioblastoma. The results showed improved image quality using [18F]TFB. Based on these results, we will be able to extend the NIS gene therapy approach using non-viral gene delivery vehicles to target orthotopic tumour models with low-volume disease such as GBM. Is it possible to treat RIT alone without using the NIS gene in GBM? After all, the NIS symporter was detected not only in the thyroid gland, but also in different tumours. The administration of RIT is completely harmless; the only complication is hypothyroidism. Indeed, recently it has been shown that, for example, in the case of thyroid cancer, the maximum RIT is 37000 MBq (1000 mCi). When beneficial effects of therapy in GBM are not possible (e.g. neurosurgery, modulated electro-hyperthermia, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, or oncolytic viruses), could RIT provide a “revolution” using NIS?

Abstract

Radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) is an effective, safe, and cheap method in benign and malignant thyroid diseases. There is still an unresolved question of whether RIT treatment also plays a role in the treatment of, for example, breast cancer, lung cancer, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These studies are currently being carried out in rats in combination with genes, but it may be an interesting challenge to assess “pure” RIT alone, thanks to the expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), is effective in other organ nodules, both benign and malignant. Cloning of the NIS in 1996 provided an opportunity to use NIS as a powerful theranostic transgene. In addition, NIS is a sensitive reporter gene that can be monitored by high-resolution PET imaging using the radiolabels [124I]sodium iodide ([124I]NaI) or [18F] tetrafluoroborate ([18F]TFB). Based on published positron emission tomography (PET) results, [124I]sodium iodide and internally synthesized [18F]TFB were compared in an orthotopic animal model of NIS-expressing glioblastoma. The results showed improved image quality using [18F]TFB. Based on these results, we will be able to extend the NIS gene therapy approach using non-viral gene delivery vehicles to target orthotopic tumour models with low-volume disease such as GBM. Is it possible to treat RIT alone without using the NIS gene in GBM? After all, the NIS symporter was detected not only in the thyroid gland, but also in different tumours. The administration of RIT is completely harmless; the only complication is hypothyroidism. Indeed, recently it has been shown that, for example, in the case of thyroid cancer, the maximum RIT is 37000 MBq (1000 mCi). When beneficial effects of therapy in GBM are not possible (e.g. neurosurgery, modulated electro-hyperthermia, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, or oncolytic viruses), could RIT provide a “revolution” using NIS?

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Keywords

sodium iodide symporter (NIS); glioblastoma multiforme (GM); gene therapy, RIT radioiodine treatment (RIT)

About this article
Title

A new antiviral hypothesis and radioactive iodine therapy to other cancers, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)?

Journal

Endokrynologia Polska

Issue

Vol 74, No 6 (2023)

Article type

Review paper

Published online

2023-12-05

Page views

534

Article views/downloads

260

DOI

10.5603/ep.95505

Bibliographic record

Endokrynol Pol 2023;74(6).

Keywords

sodium iodide symporter (NIS)
glioblastoma multiforme (GM)
gene therapy
RIT radioiodine treatment (RIT)

Authors

Agata Czarnywojtek
Paweł Gut
Magdalena Borowska
Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
Paweł Caputa
Beata Kos-Kudła
Marek Ruchała
Marzena Dworacka

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