Prehospital CPR training performed with visual feedback
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Swedish firefighters are a part of the emergency medical services. Therefore, they perform prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a regular basis. Training becomes crucial for maintaining the CPR skills and increasing the patients’ chances of survival. Training with visual feedback is for Swedish firefighters a new way of training CPR. The aim of this study was to evaluate firefighters’ perception of a CPR manikin with visual feedback.
METHOD: This study had a qualitative approach. Data were collected by interviews with 16 firefighters after performing CPR on a manikin with visual feedback. The data were analyzed with a manifest content analysis.
RESULTS: Visual feedback makes it easy to identify and maintain correct compression rate. There is a need for identifying too deep compressions. Uncertainty regarding the closeness to the stomach arises when using the whole hand during compressions instead of just the wrist. To accomplish an open airway requires a bit of adjustment of the manikins’ head.
DISCUSSION: To train and learn CPR is feasible with visual feedback. The firefighters can maintaing a correct compression rate and correct compression depth during the sessions. Ventilating a patient with bag-valvemask or pocket mask may require training with visual feedback to guarantee the firefighters being able to secure an open airway of the patient. All these skills are essential and improve the chance of survival for the patients.
Keywords: FirefighterEmergency Medical ServiceCPRManikinVisual feedback
References
- Monsieurs GK, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation. Section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation. 2015; 95: 1–80.
- Perkins G, Handley A, Koster R, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation. 2015; 95: 81–99.
- Hung SC, Mou CY, Hung HC, et al. Non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in rural Taiwan: A retrospective study. Aust J Rural Health. 2017; 25(6): 354–361.
- Hollenberg J, Riva G, Bohm K, et al. Dual dispatch early defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the SALSA-pilot. Eur Heart J. 2009; 30(14): 1781–1789.
- Nordberg P, Jonsson M, Forsberg S, et al. The survival benefit of dual dispatch of EMS and fire-fighters in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest may differ depending on population density--a prospective cohort study. Resuscitation. 2015; 90: 143–149.
- Dyson K, Bray JE, Smith K, et al. Paramedic resuscitation competency: A survey of Australian and New Zealand emergency medical services. Emerg Med Australas. 2017; 29(2): 217–222.
- Greif R, Lockey AS, Conaghan P, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 10. Education and implementation of resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2015; 95: 288–301.
- Truhlář A, Deakin CD, Soar J, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 4. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2015; 95: 148–201.
- Weston BW, Jasti J, Lerner EB, et al. Does an individualized feedback mechanism improve quality of out-of-hospital CPR? Resuscitation. 2017; 113: 96–100.
- Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008; 62(1): 107–115.
- Polit DG, Beck CT. Nursing research; Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. Lippincott, Philadelphia 2017.
- World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. JAMA. 2013; 310(20): 2191–2194.
- Idris AH, Guffey D, Pepe PE, et al. Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. Chest compression rates and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2015; 43(4): 840–848.
- Alves GM, da Silva MC, Silva Bueno SJ, et al. Military skills of firefighters in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Journal of nursing. 2017; 11(11): 4397–4403.
- Lee K, Kim MJ, Park J, et al. The effect of distraction by dual work on a CPR practitioner's efficiency in chest compression: A randomized controlled simulation study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(43): e8268.
- Cheskes S, Schmicker RH, Rea T, et al. The association between AHA CPR quality guideline compliance and clinical outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2017; 116: 39–45.
- Stiell IG, Brown SP, Nichol G, et al. What is the optimal chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation of adult patients? Circulation. 2014; 130(22): 1962–1970.
- Kleinman ME, Brennan EE, Goldberger ZD, et al. Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2015; 132(18 Suppl 2): S414–S435.
- Vadeboncoeur T, Stolz U, Panchal A, et al. Chest compression depth and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014; 85(2): 182–188.
- Cha KC, Kim HoJ, Shin HJ, et al. Hemodynamic effect of external chest compressions at the lower end of the sternum in cardiac arrest patients. J Emerg Med. 2013; 44(3): 691–697.
- Qvigstad E, Kramer-Johansen Jo, Tømte Ø, et al. Clinical pilot study of different hand positions during manual chest compressions monitored with capnography. Resuscitation. 2013; 84(9): 1203–1207.
- Truszewski Z, Szarpak L, Kurowski A, et al. Randomized trial of the chest compressions effectiveness comparing 3 feedback CPR devices and standard basic life support by nurses. Am J Emerg Med. 2016; 34(3): 381–385.
- DeBoer S, Braude D, Seaver M, et al. Alternative Airways: The Who, What, Where, When and How. EMS World. 2015; 44(10): 38–40, 42, 46.
- March JA, Tassey TE, Resurreccion NB, et al. Comparison of the I-gel supraglottic and king laryngotracheal airways in a simulated tactical environment. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018; 22(3): 385–389.
- Jarman AF, Hopkins CL, Hansen JN, et al. Advanced airway type and its association with chest compression interruptions during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation attempts. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017; 21(5): 628–635.
- Kim KiH, Shin SDo, Song KJ, et al. Scene time interval and good neurological recovery in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med. 2017; 35(11): 1682–1690.