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Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
REVIEW ARTICLE
Published online: 2017-05-24
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Supraglottic devices — future or everyday life?

Maciej Sip1, Agata Dabrowska23, Karina Prucnal4, Mateusz Puslecki25, Tomasz Klosiewicz23
DOI: 10.5603/DEMJ.2017.0015
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Disaster Emerg Med J 2017;2(2):74-83.
Affiliations
  1. Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 62-010 Poznań, Poland
  2. Department of Rescue and Disaster Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
  3. Polish Society of Medical Simulation, Poland
  4. Journal Club, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
  5. Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan

open access

Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
REVIEW ARTICLE
Published online: 2017-05-24

Abstract

The most common cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction in an unconscious or unresponsive patient is the loss of muscle tone in the upper airway. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in the tone of the epiglottis, collapse of the tongue and closure of the airway at the level of the pharynx, preventing respiration. Diagnosing airway obstruction is associated with the implementation of urgent procedures aimed at restor­ing and maintaining patency. Among the techniques of restoring airway patency anatomically, we prefer extending the head and pushing the posterior mandible forward. Airway ventilation is not always possible through the use of non-surgical methods. Ventilating patients with obstructed airways using a self-inflating bag can prove to be very difficult. In such situations, it is necessary to use airway adjuncts. The purpose, regardless of the circumstances, is to remove anatomical barriers, prevent gastric aspiration and to facilitate proper lung ventilation. Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard for instrumentally maintaining a secure airway. The procedure, however, is reserved for experienced personnel because of how difficult it is to perform and the many complications that arise with it. In situations where difficulty is encountered, an alternative device to secure airway patency is needed.

Abstract

The most common cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction in an unconscious or unresponsive patient is the loss of muscle tone in the upper airway. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in the tone of the epiglottis, collapse of the tongue and closure of the airway at the level of the pharynx, preventing respiration. Diagnosing airway obstruction is associated with the implementation of urgent procedures aimed at restor­ing and maintaining patency. Among the techniques of restoring airway patency anatomically, we prefer extending the head and pushing the posterior mandible forward. Airway ventilation is not always possible through the use of non-surgical methods. Ventilating patients with obstructed airways using a self-inflating bag can prove to be very difficult. In such situations, it is necessary to use airway adjuncts. The purpose, regardless of the circumstances, is to remove anatomical barriers, prevent gastric aspiration and to facilitate proper lung ventilation. Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard for instrumentally maintaining a secure airway. The procedure, however, is reserved for experienced personnel because of how difficult it is to perform and the many complications that arise with it. In situations where difficulty is encountered, an alternative device to secure airway patency is needed.

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Keywords

endotracheal intubation, alternative airway devices, SAD, supraglottic devices, LMA, LTD, I-gel

About this article
Title

Supraglottic devices — future or everyday life?

Journal

Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal

Issue

Vol 2, No 2 (2017)

Pages

74-83

Published online

2017-05-24

Page views

1048

Article views/downloads

1575

DOI

10.5603/DEMJ.2017.0015

Bibliographic record

Disaster Emerg Med J 2017;2(2):74-83.

Keywords

endotracheal intubation
alternative airway devices
SAD
supraglottic devices
LMA
LTD
I-gel

Authors

Maciej Sip
Agata Dabrowska
Karina Prucnal
Mateusz Puslecki
Tomasz Klosiewicz

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