Łuszczyca w populacji dziecięcej — choroby współistniejące z łuszczycą
Streszczenie
Łuszczyca jest przewlekłą, niezakaźną, przebiegającą z okresami zaostrzeń i remisji zapalną chorobą skory o podłożu immunologicznym. Pacjenci chorujący na łuszczycę w populacji osob dorosłych są predysponowani do rozwoju schorzeń sercowo-naczyniowych, zespołu metabolicznego i jego składowych, cukrzycy typu 2 i chorob zapalnych jelit. U prawie jednej trzeciej pacjentow pierwsze objawy łuszczycy pojawiają się w dzieciństwie. Wczesna identyfikacja czynnikow ryzyka chorob towarzyszących lub wykrycie ich na początkowym etapie zaawansowania może zmniejszyć prawdopodobieństwo ich rozwoju w wieku dorosłym. Łuszczyca może mieć negatywny wpływ na zdrowie psychiczne, jakość życia oraz na funkcjonowanie w życiu szkolnym i w środowisku rowieśniczym. W pracy dokonano przeglądu aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat chorob towarzyszących łuszczycy w populacji dziecięcej.
Słowa kluczowe: łuszczycadziecichoroby współistniejące
Referencje
- Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rev. 2012; 33(7): 303–313.
- Lewkowicz D, Gottlieb AB. Pediatric psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Dermatol Ther. 2004; 17(5): 364–375.
- Ogdie A, Weiss P. The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2015; 41(4): 545–568.
- Stoll ML, Punaro M. Psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a tale of two subgroups. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2011; 23(5): 437–443.
- Veale DJ, Fearon U. The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Lancet. 2018; 391(10136): 2273–2284.
- Gottlieb AB, Merola JF. Axial psoriatic arthritis: An update for dermatologists. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; 84(1): 92–101.
- Gottlieb A, Merola JF. Psoriatic arthritis for dermatologists. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020; 31(7): 662–679.
- Van den Bosch F, Coates L. Clinical management of psoriatic arthritis. Lancet. 2018; 391(10136): 2285–2294.
- Gisondi P, Fostini AC, Fossà I, et al. Psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2018; 36(1): 21–28.
- Zimmet P, Alberti G, Kaufman F, et al. International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention of Diabetes. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Lancet. 2007; 369(9579): 2059–2061.
- Milčić D, Janković S, Vesić S, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. An Bras Dermatol. 2017; 92(1): 46–51.
- McCracken E, Monaghan M, Sreenivasan S. Pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2018; 36(1): 14–20.
- Stefanadi EC, Dimitrakakis G, Antoniou CK, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the skin: a more than superficial association. Reviewing the association between skin diseases and metabolic syndrome and a clinical decision algorithm for high risk patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018; 10: 9.
- Fanning E, O'Shea D. Genetics and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2018; 36(1): 9–13.
- Steele CE, Morrell D, Evans M. Metabolic syndrome and inflammatory skin conditions. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2019; 31(4): 515–522.
- Furue M, Kadono T. "Inflammatory skin march" in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Inflamm Res. 2017; 66(10): 833–842.
- Langan SM, Seminara NM, Shin DB, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: a population-based study in the United Kingdom. J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132(3 Pt 1): 556–562.
- Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013; 68(4): 654–662.
- Osier E, Wang AS, Tollefson MM, et al. Pediatric psoriasis comorbidity screening guidelines. JAMA Dermatol. 2017; 153(7): 698–704.
- Gisondi P, Galvan A, Idolazzi L, et al. Management of moderate to severe psoriasis in patients with metabolic comorbidities. Front Med (Lausanne). 2015; 2: 1.
- Goldminz AM, Buzney CD, Kim N, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in children with psoriatic disease. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013; 30(6): 700–705.
- Rodríguez-Zúñiga MJ, García-Perdomo HA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017; 77(4): 657–666.e8.
- Au Sc, Goldminz AM, Loo DS, et al. Association between pediatric psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 66(6): 1012–1013.
- Małecka-Tendera E, Zachurzok-Buczyńska A. Otyłość i zespół metaboliczny u dzieci i młodzieży – epidemiologia, klasyfikacja i leczenie. In: Podolec P. ed. Podręcznik Polskiego Forum Profilaktyki. T.2.Małecka-Tendera E, Zachurzok-Buczyńska A. ed. Medycyna Praktyczna, Kraków 2010: 209–221.
- Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, et al. IDF Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents - an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007; 8(5): 299–306.
- Jańczyk W, Litwin M, Socha P. Co to jest zespół metaboliczny u dzieci? Stand Med/Pediatria. 2010; 7: 23–25.
- Caroppo F, Galderisi A, Ventura L, et al. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis. Eur J Pediatr. 2021; 180(6): 1739–1745.
- Pietrzak A, Grywalska E, Walankiewicz M, et al. Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome in children: current data. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017; 42(2): 131–136.
- Mahé E, Maccari F, Beauchet A, et al. GEM Resopso. Childhood-onset psoriasis: association with future cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 169(4): 889–895.
- Aalemi AK, Hamdard AG, Chen H. Association of metabolic syndrome with pediatric psoriasis: a case-control study in Kabul, Afghanistan. Int J Dermatol. 2020; 59(4): 451–456.
- Daniels SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, et al. Overweight in children and adolescents: pathophysiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment. Circulation. 2005; 111(15): 1999–2012.
- Gutmark-Little I, Shah KN. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in pediatric psoriasis. Clin Dermatol. 2015; 33(3): 305–315.
- Gottlieb AB, Chao C, Dann F. Psoriasis comorbidities. J Dermatolog Treat. 2008; 19(1): 5–21.
- Sterry W, Strober BE, Menter A, et al. International Psoriasis Council. Obesity in psoriasis: the metabolic, clinical and therapeutic implications. Report of an interdisciplinary conference and review. Br J Dermatol. 2007; 157(4): 649–655.
- Boccardi D, Menni S, La Vecchia C, et al. Overweight and childhood psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2009; 161(2): 484–486.
- Becker L, Tom WL, Eshagh K, et al. Excess adiposity preceding pediatric psoriasis. JAMA Dermatol. 2014; 150(5): 573–574.
- Duarte GV, Oliveira Md, Cardoso TM, et al. Association between obesity measured by different parameters and severity of psoriasis. Int J Dermatol. 2013; 52(2): 177–181.
- Kong Yi, Zhang S, Wu R, et al. New insights into different adipokines in linking the pathophysiology of obesity and psoriasis. Lipids Health Dis. 2019; 18(1): 171.
- Duarte GV, Oliveira Md, Cardoso TM, et al. Association between obesity measured by different parameters and severity of psoriasis. Int J Dermatol. 2013; 52(2): 177–181.
- Ergun T, Seckin Gencosmanoglu D, Karakoc-Aydiner E, et al. Prevalence of obesity in paediatric psoriasis and its impact on disease severity and progression. Australas J Dermatol. 2017; 58(4): e182–e187.
- Guidolin L, Borin M, Fontana E, et al. Central obesity in children with psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018; 98(2): 282–283.
- Paller AS, Mercy K, Kwasny MJ, et al. Association of pediatric psoriasis severity with excess and central adiposity: an international cross-sectional study. JAMA Dermatol. 2013; 149(2): 166–176.
- Koebnick C, Black MH, Smith N, et al. The association of psoriasis and elevated blood lipids in overweight and obese children. J Pediatr. 2011; 159(4): 577–583.
- Mahé E, Beauchet A, Bodemer C, et al. Groupe de Recherche de la Société Française de Dermatologie Pédiatrique. Psoriasis and obesity in French children: a case-control, multicentre study. Br J Dermatol. 2015; 172(6): 1593–1600.
- Jensen P, Skov L. Psoriasis and Obesity. Dermatology. 2016; 232(6): 633–639.
- Upala S, Sanguankeo A. Effect of lifestyle weight loss intervention on disease severity in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015; 39(8): 1197–1202.
- Akhyani M, Ehsani AH, Robati RM, et al. The lipid profile in psoriasis: a controlled study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007; 21(10): 1330–1332.
- Ma C, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ, et al. The association between psoriasis and dyslipidaemia: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 168(3): 486–495.
- Tom WL, Playford MP, Admani S, et al. Characterization of lipoprotein composition and function in pediatric psoriasis reveals a more atherogenic profile. J Invest Dermatol. 2016; 136(1): 67–73.
- Moudgil S, Mahajan R, Narang T, et al. Central obesity and dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with psoriasis: An observational study from India. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; 85(6): 1655–1657.
- Miller IM, Skaaby T, Ellervik C, et al. Quantifying cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 169(6): 1180–1187.
- Shahwan KT, Kimball AB. Psoriasis and cardiovascular disease. Med Clin North Am. 2015; 99(6): 1227–1242.
- Ma L, Li Me, Wang H, et al. High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with moderate or severe psoriasis in northern China. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014; 306(3): 247–251.
- Prodanovich S, Kirsner RS, Kravetz JD, et al. Association of psoriasis with coronary artery, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases and mortality. Arch Dermatol. 2009; 145(6): 700–703.
- Mansouri B, Kivelevitch D, Natarajan B, et al. Comparison of coronary artery calcium scores between patients with psoriasis and type 2 diabetes. JAMA Dermatol. 2016; 152(11): 1244–1253.
- Boehncke WH, Boehncke S, Tobin AM, et al. The 'psoriatic march': a concept of how severe psoriasis may drive cardiovascular comorbidity. Exp Dermatol. 2011; 20(4): 303–307.
- McDonald CJ, Calabresi P. Psoriasis and occlusive vascular disease. Br J Dermatol. 1978; 99(5): 469–475.
- Armstrong EJ, Harskamp CT, Armstrong AW. Psoriasis and major adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013; 2(2): e000062.
- Tablazon ILD, Al-Dabagh A, Davis SA, et al. Risk of cardiovascular disorders in psoriasis patients: current and future. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013; 14(1): 1–7.
- Evensen K, Slevolden E, Skagen K, et al. Increased subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Atherosclerosis. 2014; 237(2): 499–503.
- Mehta NN, Yu Y, Pinnelas R, et al. Attributable risk estimate of severe psoriasis on major cardiovascular events. Am J Med. 2011; 124(8): 775.e1–775.e6.
- Mehta NN, Azfar RS, Shin DB, et al. Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality: cohort study using the General Practice Research Database. Eur Heart J. 2010; 31(8): 1000–1006.
- Dey AK, Joshi AA, Chaturvedi A, et al. Association between skin and aortic vascular inflammation in patients with psoriasis: a case-cohort study using positron emission tomography/computed tomography. JAMA Cardiol. 2017; 2(9): 1013–1018.
- Gelfand JM, Dommasch ED, Shin DB, et al. The risk of stroke in patients with psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2009; 129(10): 2411–2418.
- Raaby L, Ahlehoff O, de Thurah A. Psoriasis and cardiovascular events: updating the evidence. Arch Dermatol Res. 2017; 309(3): 225–228.
- Kwa MC, Silverberg JI. Association between inflammatory skin disease and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular co-morbidities in US adults: analysis of nationwide inpatient sample data. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017; 18(6): 813–823.
- Hu SCS, Lan CCE. Psoriasis and cardiovascular comorbidities: focusing on severe vascular events, cardiovascular risk factors and implications for treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(10).
- Furue M, Tsuji G, Chiba T, et al. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases comorbid with psoriasis: beyond the skin. Intern Med. 2017; 56(13): 1613–1619.
- Lin HW, Wang KH, Lin HC, et al. Increased risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis: a 5-year population-based study in Taiwan. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011; 64(3): 495–501.
- Li WQ, Han JL, Manson JE, et al. Psoriasis and risk of nonfatal cardiovascular disease in U.S. women: a cohort study. Br J Dermatol. 2012; 166(4): 811–818.
- Ogdie A, Yu Y, Haynes K, et al. Risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74(2): 326–332.
- Wu JJ, Choi YM, Bebchuk JD. Risk of myocardial infarction in psoriasis patients: a retrospective cohort study. J Dermatolog Treat. 2015; 26(3): 230–234.
- Levesque A, Lachaine J, Bissonnette R. Risk of myocardial infarction in canadian patients with psoriasis: a retrospective cohort study. J Cutan Med Surg. 2013; 17(6): 398–403.
- Shiba M, Kato T, Funasako M, et al. Association between psoriasis vulgaris and coronary heart disease in a hospital-based population in Japan. PLoS One. 2016; 11(2): e0149316.
- Gelfand JM, Neimann AL, Shin DB, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis. JAMA. 2006; 296(14): 1735–1741.
- Kaye JA, Li L, Jick SS. Incidence of risk factors for myocardial infarction and other vascular diseases in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2008; 159(4): 895–902.
- Egeberg A, Thyssen JP, Jensen P, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a nationwide cohort study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017; 97(7): 819–824.
- Dhaher SA, Alyassiry F. Screening for comorbid cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric psoriasis among iraqi patients: a case-control study. Cureus. 2021; 13(9): e18397.
- Kwa L, Kwa MC, Silverberg JI. Cardiovascular comorbidities of pediatric psoriasis among hospitalized children in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017; 77(6): 1023–1029.
- Fabi M, Chessa MA, Panizza D, et al. Psoriasis and cardiovascular risk in children: the usefulness of carotid intima-media thickness. Pediatr Cardiol. 2022; 43(7): 1462–1470.
- Ryan C, Kirby B. Psoriasis is a systemic disease with multiple cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Dermatol Clin. 2015; 33(1): 41–55.
- Lai YiC, Yew YW. Psoriasis as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: an epidemiologic analysis using a national database. J Cutan Med Surg. 2016; 20(4): 327–333.
- Benson MM, Frishman WH. The heartbreak of psoriasis: a review of cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis. Cardiol Rev. 2015; 23(6): 312–316.
- Abuabara K, Azfar RS, Shin DB, et al. Cause-specific mortality in patients with severe psoriasis: a population-based cohort study in the U.K. Br J Dermatol. 2010; 163(3): 586–592.
- Wu S, Han J, Li WQ, et al. Hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and risk of psoriasis. JAMA Dermatol. 2014; 150(9): 957–963.
- Armesto S, Coto-Segura P, Osuna CG, et al. Psoriasis and hypertension: a case-control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012; 26(6): 785–788.
- Cohen AD, Weitzman D, Dreiher J. Psoriasis and hypertension: a case-control study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010; 90(1): 23–26.
- Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. The association between psoriasis and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Hypertens. 2013; 31(3): 433–42; discussion 442.
- Abedini R, Najafi MT, Azizpour A, et al. Hypertension in psoriasis patients: based on office and ambulatory blood pressure measurement. Blood Press Monit. 2020; 25(6): 351–354.
- Miller IM, Ellervik C, Yazdanyar S, et al. Meta-analysis of psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, and associated risk factors. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013; 69(6): 1014–1024.
- Hu MY, Yang Q, Zheng J. The association of psoriasis and hypertension: focusing on anti-inflammatory therapies and immunological mechanisms. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020; 45(7): 836–840.
- Su YS, Yu HS, Li WC, et al. Psoriasis as initiator or amplifier of the systemic inflammatory march: impact on development of severe vascular events and implications for treatment strategy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013; 27(7): 876–883.
- Caroppo F, Ventura L, Belloni Fortina A. High blood pressure in normal-weight children with psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019; 99(3): 329–330.
- Shah K, Mellars L, Changolkar A, et al. Real-world burden of comorbidities in US patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017; 77(2): 287–292.e4.
- Dregan A, Charlton J, Chowienczyk P, et al. Chronic inflammatory disorders and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and stroke: a population-based cohort study. Circulation. 2014; 130(10): 837–844.
- Papagrigoraki A, Del Giglio M, Cosma C, et al. Advanced glycation end products are increased in the skin and blood of patients with severe psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017; 97(7): 782–787.
- Dubreuil M, Rho YH, Man A, et al. Diabetes incidence in psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a UK population-based cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014; 53(2): 346–352.
- Brazzelli V, Maffioli P, Bolcato V, et al. Psoriasis and diabetes, a dangerous association: evaluation of insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities, and cardiovascular risk biomarkers. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 605691.
- Holm JG, Thomsen SF. Type 2 diabetes and psoriasis: links and risks. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2019; 9: 1–6.
- Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2013; 149(1): 84–91.
- Lee MS, Lin RY, Lai MS. Increased risk of diabetes mellitus in relation to the severity of psoriasis, concomitant medication, and comorbidity: a nationwide population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014; 70(4): 691–698.
- Wan MT, Shin DB, Hubbard RA, et al. Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes: A prospective population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018; 78(2): 315–322.e1.
- Gyldenløve M, Storgaard H, Holst JJ, et al. Patients with psoriasis are insulin resistant. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015; 72(4): 599–605.
- Bajaj S, Mandal S, Singh KG, et al. Metabolic diseases and associated complications in patients with psoriasis. J Assoc Physicians India. 2020; 68(10): 44–46.
- Augustin M, Radtke MA, Glaeske G, et al. Epidemiology and comorbidity in children with psoriasis and atopic eczema. Dermatology. 2015; 231(1): 35–40.
- Dhara S, Dasgupta A, Rout JK, et al. Clinico-biochemical correlation between psoriasis and insulin resistance. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2015; 30(1): 99–103.
- Boehncke WH. Systemic inflammation and cardiovascular comorbidity in psoriasis patients: causes and consequences. Front Immunol. 2018; 9: 579.
- Wang H, Wang Z, Rani PL, et al. Identification of PTPN22, ST6GAL1 and JAZF1 as psoriasis risk genes demonstrates shared pathogenesis between psoriasis and diabetes. Exp Dermatol. 2017; 26(11): 1112–1117.
- Gisondi P, Bellinato F, Girolomoni G, et al. Pathogenesis of chronic plaque psoriasis and its intersection with cardio-metabolic comorbidities. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 117.
- Granata M, Skarmoutsou E, Trovato C, et al. Obesity, type 1 diabetes, and psoriasis: an autoimmune triple flip. Pathobiology. 2017; 84(2): 71–79.
- Vashist S, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, et al. Association of psoriasis with autoimmune disorders: results of a pilot study. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2020; 11(5): 753–759.
- Krawczyk A, Miśkiewicz J, Strzelec K, et al. Apoptosis in autoimmunological diseases, with particular consideration of molecular aspects of psoriasis. Med Sci Monit. 2020; 26: e922035.
- Caroppo F, Galderisi A, Moretti C, et al. Prevalence of psoriasis in a cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021; 35(9): e589–e591.
- Armstrong AW, Guérin A, Sundaram M, et al. Psoriasis and risk of diabetes-associated microvascular and macrovascular complications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015; 72(6): 968–77.e2.
- Ip W, Kirchhof MG. Glycemic control in the treatment of psoriasis. Dermatology. 2017; 233(1): 23–29.
- Binus AM, Han J, Qamar AA, et al. Associated comorbidities in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012; 26(5): 644–650.
- Fu Y, Lee CH, Chi CC. Association of psoriasis with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2018; 154(12): 1417–1423.
- Egeberg A, Mallbris L, Warren RB, et al. Association between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Br J Dermatol. 2016; 175(3): 487–492.
- Bar Yehuda S, Axlerod R, Toker O, et al. The association of inflammatory bowel diseases with autoimmune disorders: a report from the epi-IIRN. J Crohns Colitis. 2019; 13(3): 324–329.
- Burisch J, Jess T, Egeberg A. Incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in denmark. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 17(13): 2704–2712.e3.
- Cho JH. The genetics and immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008; 8(6): 458–466.
- Pietrzak D, Pietrzak A, Krasowska D, et al. Digestive system in psoriasis: an update. Arch Dermatol Res. 2017; 309(9): 679–693.
- Bezzio C, Della Corte C, Vernero M, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: looking at the less frequent associations. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2022; 15: 17562848221115312.
- Skroza N, Proietti I, Pampena R, et al. Correlations between psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 983902.
- Hsu LN, Armstrong AW. Psoriasis and autoimmune disorders: a review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 67(5): 1076–1079.
- Wu JJ, Nguyen TU, Poon KYT, et al. The association of psoriasis with autoimmune diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 67(5): 924–930.
- Ojetti V, Aguilar Sanchez J, Guerriero C, et al. High prevalence of celiac disease in psoriasis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003; 98(11): 2574–2575.
- Ludvigsson JF, Lindelöf B, Zingone F, et al. Psoriasis in a nationwide cohort study of patients with celiac disease. J Invest Dermatol. 2011; 131(10): 2010–2016.
- Birkenfeld S, Dreiher J, Weitzman D, et al. Coeliac disease associated with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2009; 161(6): 1331–1334.
- De Bastiani R, Gabrielli M, Lora L, et al. Association between coeliac disease and psoriasis: Italian primary care multicentre study. Dermatology. 2015; 230(2): 156–160.
- Ungprasert P, Wijarnpreecha K, Kittanamongkolchai W. Psoriasis and risk of celiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Dermatol. 2017; 62(1): 41–46.
- Juzlova K, Votrubova J, Dzambova M, et al. Gastrointestinal comorbidities in patients with psoriasis in the Czech Republic: The results of 189 patients with psoriasis and 378 controls. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2016; 160(1): 100–105.
- Acharya P, Mathur M. Association between psoriasis and celiac disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020; 82(6): 1376–1385.
- Bhatia BK, Millsop JW, Debbaneh M, et al. Diet and psoriasis, part II: celiac disease and role of a gluten-free diet. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014; 71(2): 350–358.
- Akbulut S, Gür G, Topal F, et al. Coeliac disease-associated antibodies in psoriasis. Ann Dermatol. 2013; 25(3): 298–303.
- Kolchak NA, Tetarnikova MK, Theodoropoulou MS, et al. Prevalence of antigliadin IgA antibodies in psoriasis vulgaris and response of seropositive patients to a gluten-free diet. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2018; 11: 13–19.
- Dhattarwal N, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, et al. The association of anti-gliadin and anti-transglutaminase antibodies and chronic plaque psoriasis in Indian patients: Preliminary results of a descriptive cross-sectional study. Australas J Dermatol. 2020; 61(4): e378–e382.
- Michaëlsson G, Gerdén B, Ottosson M, et al. Patients with psoriasis often have increased serum levels of IgA antibodies to gliadin. Br J Dermatol. 1993; 129(6): 667–673.
- Kalayciyan A, Kotogyan A. Psoriasis, enteropathy and antigliadin antibodies. Br J Dermatol. 2006; 154(4): 778–779.
- Nagui N, El Nabarawy E, Mahgoub D, et al. Estimation of (IgA) anti-gliadin, anti-endomysium and tissue transglutaminase in the serum of patients with psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011; 36(3): 302–304.
- Damasiewicz-Bodzek A, Wielkoszyński T. Serologic markers of celiac disease in psoriatic patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008; 22(9): 1055–1061.
- Egeberg A, Griffiths CEM, Mallbris L, et al. The association between psoriasis and coeliac disease. Br J Dermatol. 2017; 177(6): e329–e330.
- Kia KF, Nair RP, Ike RW, et al. Prevalence of antigliadin antibodies in patients with psoriasis is not elevated compared with controls. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2007; 8(5): 301–305.
- Heitmann J, Frings VG, Geier A, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis - is there a shared proinflammatory network? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2021; 19(4): 517–528.
- Prussick RB, Miele L. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with psoriasis: a consequence of systemic inflammatory burden? Br J Dermatol. 2018; 179(1): 16–29.
- Balak DMW, Piaserico S, Kasujee I. Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with psoriasis: a review of the hepatic effects of systemic therapies. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2021; 11: 151–168.
- Ramos AN, de Oliveira Rocha B, de Almeida Rêgo VR, et al. The linkage between psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a literature review. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2014; 22(2): 132–136.
- Wenk KS, Arrington KC, Ehrlich A. Psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011; 25(4): 383–391.
- Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Molinelli E, et al. Psoriasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease: Three different diseases on a unique background. World J Cardiol. 2016; 8(2): 120–131.
- Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Offidani A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and psoriasis: So far, so near. World J Hepatol. 2015; 7(3): 315–326.
- Gisondi P, Targher G, Zoppini G, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Hepatol. 2009; 51(4): 758–764.
- Madanagobalane S, Anandan S. The increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in psoriatic patients: a study from South India. Australas J Dermatol. 2012; 53(3): 190–197.
- Klujszo EH, Parcheta P, Witkowska AB, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with psoriasis: therapeutic implications. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2020; 37(4): 468–474.
- Gisondi P, Barba E, Girolomoni G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in patients with psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016; 30(2): 282–287.
- Candia R, Ruiz A, Torres-Robles R, et al. Risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015; 29(4): 656–662.
- Ruan Z, Lu T, Chen Y, et al. Association between psoriasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among outpatient US adults. JAMA Dermatol. 2022; 158(7): 745–753.
- Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Mantovani A, et al. Risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022; 45(7): 1277–1288.
- Valenzuela F, De La Cruz C, Lecaros C, et al. Comorbidities in Chilean patients with psoriasis: a global healthcare study on psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2022; 47(12): 2234–2241.
- van der Voort EAM, Koehler EM, Dowlatshahi EA, et al. Psoriasis is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients 55 years old or older: Results from a population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014; 70(3): 517–524.
- Abedini R, Salehi M, Lajevardi V, et al. Patients with psoriasis are at a higher risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2015; 40(7): 722–727.
- Yang JJ, Nguyen KA, Fleischman MW, et al. Psoriasis in liver disease: Associations beyond nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022; 86(4): 883–885.
- Gau SY, Huang KH, Lee CH, et al. Bidirectional association between psoriasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: real-world evidence from two longitudinal cohort studies. Front Immunol. 2022; 13: 840106.
- Torbator K, Poo S, Al-Rubaye T, et al. Whether screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with psoriasis is necessary: a pilot quality improvement project. Cureus. 2022; 14(5): e24714.
- Ortolan A, Lorenzin M, Tadiotto G, et al. Metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver stiffness in psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2019; 38(10): 2843–2850.
- Magdaleno-Tapial J, Valenzuela-Oñate C, Ortiz-Salvador JM, et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis in patients with moderate-severe psoriasis: A cross-sectional cohort study. Australas J Dermatol. 2020; 61(2): 105–109.
- Phan K, Onggo J, Charlton O, et al. Relationship between psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Updated systematic review and adjusted meta-analysis. Australas J Dermatol. 2019; 60(4): e352–e355.
- van der Voort EAM, Koehler EM, Nijsten T, et al. Increased prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional analysis from the rotterdam study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016; 96(2): 213–217.
- Prussick R, Prussick L, Nussbaum D. Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease and psoriasis: what a dermatologist needs to know. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015; 8(3): 43–45.
- Miele L, Vallone S, Cefalo C, et al. Prevalence, characteristics and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Hepatol. 2009; 51(4): 778–786.
- Kurd SK, Troxel AB, Crits-Christoph P, et al. The risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in patients with psoriasis: a population-based cohort study. Arch Dermatol. 2010; 146(8): 891–895.
- Leisner MZ, Riis JL, Schwartz S, et al. Psoriasis and risk of mental disorders in denmark. JAMA Dermatol. 2019; 155(6): 745–747.
- Cohen BE, Martires KJ, Ho RS. Psoriasis and the risk of depression in the US population: national health and nutrition examination survey 2009-2012. JAMA Dermatol. 2016; 152(1): 73–79.
- Rabin F, Bhuiyan SI, Islam T, et al. Psychiatric and psychological comorbidities in patients with psoriasis- a review. Mymensingh Med J. 2012; 21(4): 780–786.
- Kimball AB, Wu EQ, Guérin A, et al. Risks of developing psychiatric disorders in pediatric patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 67(4): 651–657.e1.
- Todberg T, Egeberg A, Jensen P, et al. Psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with psoriasis: a population-based cohort study. Br J Dermatol. 2017; 177(2): 551–553.
- Remröd C, Sjöström K, Svensson A. Psychological differences between early- and late-onset psoriasis: a study of personality traits, anxiety and depression in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 169(2): 344–350.
- Simonić E, Kaštelan M, Peternel S, et al. Childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences in patients with psoriasis. J Dermatol. 2010; 37(9): 793–800.
- Mitchell AE. Bidirectional relationships between psychological health and dermatological conditions in children. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2018; 11: 289–298.
- Bilgic A, Bilgic Ö, Akış HK, et al. Psychiatric symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010; 27(6): 614–617.
- Snast I, Reiter O, Atzmony L, et al. Psychological stress and psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2018; 178(5): 1044–1055.
- Kara T, Topkarcı Z, Yılmaz S, et al. Pediatric patients with psoriasis and psychiatric disorders: premorbidity and comorbidity in a case-control study. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019; 30(2): 129–134.
- Koo JY, Do JH, Lee CS. Psychodermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 43(5 Pt 1): 848–853.
- Patel KR, Lee HH, Rastogi S, et al. Association of psoriasis with psychiatric hospitalization in united states children and adults. Dermatology. 2019; 235(4): 276–286.
- Manzoni AP, Weber MB, Nagatomi AR, et al. Assessing depression and anxiety in the caregivers of pediatric patients with chronic skin disorders. An Bras Dermatol. 2013; 88(6): 894–899.